Journal
ISCIENCE
Volume 25, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105464
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Funding
- NIH
- [R01 GM115482]
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D/E repeats are common in human proteins and exhibit genomic stability and specific functional characteristics. They differ from other repeat sequences (such as poly-Q or poly-A) in terms of mutation types and frequencies. D/E repeat proteins preferentially function in chromatin metabolism and their interaction with core histones increases with longer repeat sequences. ATAD2, a D/E repeat protein with unknown function, is frequently overexpressed in tumors.
D/E repeats are stretches of aspartic and/or glutamic acid residues found in over 150 human proteins. We examined genomic stability of D/E repeats and functional characteristics of D/E repeat-containing proteins vis-a-vis the proteins with poly-Q or poly-A repeats, which are known to undergo pathologic expansions. Mining of tumor sequencing data revealed that D/E repeat-coding regions are similar to those coding poly-Qs and poly-As in increased incidence of trinucle-otide insertions/deletions but differ in types and incidence of substitutions. D/E repeat-containing proteins preferentially function in chromatin metabolism and are the more likely to be nuclear and interact with core histones, the longer their repeats are. One of the longest D/E repeats of unknown function is in ATAD2, a bromodomain family ATPase frequently overexpressed in tumors. We demonstrate that D/E repeat deletion in ATAD2 suppresses its binding to nascent and mature chromatin and to the constitutive pericentromeric heterochromatin, where ATAD2 represses satellite transcription.
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