4.7 Review

Involvement of Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Neurosciences

The pleiotropic of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in central nervous system diseases

LongQing Zhang et al.

Summary: GLP-1, activating GLP-1R, can regulate blood glucose, maintain intracellular homeostasis, and protect neurons from various types of damage. GLP-1 and its analogues play a significant role in improving multiple central nervous system diseases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2023)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence

Joanna Moncrieff et al.

Summary: The serotonin hypothesis of depression, which suggests that depression is caused by lowered serotonin activity or concentrations, lacks consistent evidence based on the synthesis and evaluation of research in this field. This umbrella review found no substantial association between serotonin and depression, while suggesting that long-term antidepressant use may reduce serotonin concentration.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Anti-Seizure Effect of Liraglutide on Ptz-Induced Convulsions Through its Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Mumin Alper Erdogan et al.

Summary: The study aims to determine the anti-seizure and anti-oxidative effects of liraglutide in a rat model of epilepsy. The results show that liraglutide can significantly reduce seizure activity and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation levels.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2023)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Guanylate cyclase-C agonists as peripherally acting treatments of chronic visceral pain

Stuart M. Brierley et al.

Summary: This article discusses the mechanisms and effects of GC-C agonists, such as linaclotide, in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

Article Biology

Cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies identify susceptibility genes shared between schizophrenia and inflammatory bowel disease

Florian Uellendahl-Werth et al.

Summary: This study aims to explore shared genetic mechanisms between immune-related and psychiatric traits using transcriptome-wide association studies and identifies several genes, including PPP3CA, that may mediate the interplay between psychiatric and inflammatory diseases.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2022)

Meeting Abstract Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

GUCY2C-Enriched Intestinal Neuropod Cells Modulate Visceral Pain

Joshua R. Barton et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence of a Gastro-Duodenal Effect on Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolism, Potentially Mediated by Gut-Liver Inflammation: A Study with Positron Emission Tomography and Oral 18FDG in Mice

Maria Angela Guzzardi et al.

Summary: This study validated the use of PET with oral FDG administration in mice to examine the role of the gastrointestinal tract in glucose metabolism. The results showed that the GI tract can selectively suppress glucose metabolism in organs responsible for energy intake and storage, and this effect is blunted by lipid ingestion. Furthermore, modulation of gut and liver inflammation may be involved in the acute signaling of the energy status.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

5-HT7 receptor-dependent intestinal neurite outgrowth contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome

Wen-Ying Chang et al.

Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with abnormal serotonin metabolism and mucosal neurite outgrowth, and 5-HT7 receptor plays a role in the process. Increased mucosal density of 5-HT7-expressing nerve fibers and elevated levels of neurotrophins contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. A novel 5-HT7 antagonist may be used as an oral analgesic for IBS-related pain.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pain relief and pain intensity response to GLP-1 receptor agonist ROSE-010 in irritable bowel syndrome; clinical study cross-analysis with respect to patient characteristics

Aya A. Touny et al.

Summary: ROSE-010 showed promising effects in reducing pain and providing relief for patients with IBS, with females having a better response. The drug was most effective for IBS-C and IBS-M subtypes.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transcellular propagation of fibrillar α-synuclein from enteroendocrine to neuronal cells requires cell-to-cell contact and is Rab35-dependent

Paulla Vieira Rodrigues et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that can originate in the enteric nervous system and spread to the brain. Enteroendocrine cells in the gut may play a key role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein is involved in this process.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Peptide YY 3-36 attenuates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by modulating Th1/Th2 differentiation

Zhiqiang Li et al.

Summary: The study found that PYY 3-36 has anti-inflammatory effects in mice with colitis, reducing inflammatory responses and colon tissue damage.

BIOENGINEERED (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Microbiota and Pain: Save Your Gut Feeling

Chiara Morreale et al.

Summary: Recent evidence has shown the interplay between microbiota and the nervous system, which is associated with several pathological conditions and pain regulation. This narrative review discusses the mechanisms underlying pain processing and regulation, focusing on the role of the gut-brain axis.

CELLS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Akkermansia muciniphila induces mitochondrial calcium overload and α -synuclein aggregation in an enteroendocrine cell line

Dionisio Pedro Amorim Neto et al.

Summary: This research found a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in fecal samples of Parkinson's disease patients and showed that the composition of A. muciniphila conditioned medium is influenced by the strain's ability to degrade mucin. Experimental results indicate that bacterial proteins can induce alpha-synuclein aggregation in enteroendocrine cells, but buffering mitochondrial calcium can reverse the damaging effects.

ISCIENCE (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Chlorogenic Acid: a Polyphenol from Coffee Rendered Neuroprotection Against Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease by GLP-1 Secretion

Nishant Sharma et al.

Summary: Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogue, has the potential to protect neurologic function in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. This study demonstrated the strong binding affinity of CGA to GPR-40/43 and its neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced PD mice by releasing GLP-1. CGA also suppressed the phosphorylated alpha-synuclein levels through upregulating PI3K/AKT signaling and inactivating GSK-3 beta.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

Review Immunology

Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease

Malu Gamez Tansey et al.

Summary: This review explores the role of an ageing immune system, host genetics, and exposure to environmental stressors in promoting the development of Parkinson's disease. It discusses the presence of neuroinflammation and alterations in immune cell populations as well as the potential contributions of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides, and gut microbiota to disease pathogenesis.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Psychiatry

The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia

John R. Kelly et al.

Summary: Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Precise regulation of neural circuitry development and microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling play crucial roles in cognitive and emotional functions. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to potential translational interventions in managing schizophrenia.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Distribution of α-synuclein in normal human jejunum and its relations with the chemosensory and neuroendocrine system

Arianna Casini et al.

Summary: This study detected the presence of alpha-syn in the normal human jejunal wall, localized not only in the ENS but also in epithelial cells, particularly in EECs. These findings suggest that alpha-syn may play a role in synaptic transmission of the ENS and contribute to maintaining the integrity of the small intestine epithelial barrier through EECs.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Katarzyna Socala et al.

Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, influencing neural development, neurotransmission, and behavior. Studies have explored the role of microbiota in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy. This review discusses data from both preclinical experiments and clinical reports, highlighting the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, or antibiotic treatments, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Anti-inflammatory dopamine- and serotonin-based endocannabinoid epoxides reciprocally regulate cannabinoid receptors and the TRPV1 channel

William R. Arnold et al.

Summary: Endocannabinoids formed by epoxidation reciprocally modulate canabinoid receptors and display anti-inflammatory activity.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Altered Brain Structure in Chronic Visceral Pain: Specific Differences in Gray Matter Volume and Associations With Visceral Symptoms and Chronic Stress

Hanna Oehlmann et al.

Summary: The study on structural brain alterations in chronic visceral pain patients and healthy controls revealed partial differences in brain morphology among different types of bowel disorders, with correlations found between brain morphology and symptom severity as well as chronic stress.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Behavioral Sciences

GLP-1R activation ameliorated novel-object recognition memory dysfunction via regulating hippocampal AMPK/NF-κB pathway in neuropathic pain mice

Long-Qing Zhang et al.

Summary: Growing evidence suggests that neuropathic pain often leads to cognitive impairments, impacting the quality of life of patients. GLP-1R activation has shown promise in improving memory deficits in various diseases, but its effects on memory impairment from neuropathic pain remain unclear. This study found that GLP-1R activation could improve recognition memory impairment in mice with neuropathic pain by regulating the AMPK/NF-kappa B pathway, addressing neuroinflammation, and reversing decreased levels of synaptic proteins.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY (2021)

Review Neurosciences

The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders

Jessica Maiuolo et al.

Summary: This article explores the relationship between gut microbiota and neurological pathologies. Scientific studies have shown that the co-metabolism between microbiota and the host system is crucial for immune system organization, and that microbiota plays a significant role in the development, physiology, and cognitive functions of the brain. The alterations in gut microbiota have been closely associated with the onset of various neurological pathologies, suggesting that microbiota could be a valuable target for reducing or modulating the incidence of certain neurological diseases.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Parkinson's Disease and Gut Microbiota

Masaaki Hirayama et al.

Summary: Specific changes in intestinal microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients may increase intestinal permeability, allowing toxins to enter the nervous system, ultimately promoting abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein fibrils. Therapeutic interventions targeting these mechanisms may be possible, but further studies are needed to fully understand the direct association between intestinal microbiota and PD.

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Spinal microglial β-endorphin signaling mediates IL-10 and exenatide-induced inhibition of synaptic plasticity in neuropathic pain

Le Ma et al.

Summary: This study investigated the regulation of pain hypersensitivity by IL-10 and GLP-1R agonist exenatide in neuropathic rats, showing that spinal microglial expression of beta-endorphin mediates the inhibitory effects.

CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Microglial Activation of GLP-1R Signaling in Neuropathic Pain Promotes Gene Expression Adaption Involved in Inflammatory Responses

Le Ma et al.

Summary: Activation of the GLP-1R pathway can alleviate pain hypersensitivity mediated by spinal microglial activation, with inflammatory responses being the most correlated pathway. Whole-cell recording showed that MOR agonism stimulated a robust outward current in the sham groups compared with the SNL groups.

NEURAL PLASTICITY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Molecular Communication Between Neuronal Networks and Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Gut Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease

Alice Drobny et al.

Summary: Intestinal symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients may stem from alterations in alpha-synuclein due to changes in the gut microbiota. Accumulations of alpha-synuclein have been observed in the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease. The relationship between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

Article Cell Biology

The gut microbiota regulates hypothalamic inflammation and leptin sensitivity in Western diet-fed mice via a GLP-1R-dependent mechanism

Christina N. Heiss et al.

Summary: Mice lacking a microbiota are protected from diet-induced obesity. Depletion of gut microbiota attenuates diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and enhances leptin sensitivity through GLP-1R-dependent mechanisms.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An in vitro screening method for probiotics with antidepressant-like effect using the enterochromaffin cell model

Peijun Tian et al.

Summary: This study developed an in vitro screening method based on RIN14B to screen probiotics with antidepressant-like potential, identifying certain strains that can produce neurobehavioral effects by enhancing Tph1 expression.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

A GLP-2 Analogue Protects SH-SY5Y and Neuro-2a Cells Against Mitochondrial Damage, Autophagy Impairments and Apoptosis in a Parkinson Model

Yunfang Su et al.

Summary: The study showed that GLP-2 agonist has neuroprotective effects in a cell model of Parkinson's disease by reducing oxidative stress, improving autophagy impairments, and apoptosis. Both GLP-1 and GLP-2 agonists enhanced cell signaling for mitogenesis and reduced oxidative stress levels.

DRUG RESEARCH (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Mechanisms controlling hormone secretion in human gut and its relevance to metabolism

Alyce M. Martin et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lemairamin, isolated from the Zanthoxylum plants, alleviates pain hypersensitivity via spinal α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Zi-Ying Wang et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The GLP-1 receptor herbal agonist morroniside attenuates neuropathic pain via spinal microglial expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin

Xueqi Tang et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Letter Psychiatry

GLP-1 agonists for metabolic disorders in schizophrenia

Youssef Kouidrat et al.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2019)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bacterial modulation of visceral sensation: mediators and mechanisms

Alan E. Lomax et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces the obesity-associated inflammation in the brain

Domenico Nuzzo et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2019)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, liraglutide, improves visceral sensation and gut permeability in rats

Tsukasa Nozu et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Article Neurosciences

Parkinson's disease from the gut

Rodger A. Liddle

BRAIN RESEARCH (2018)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Oral treatment with plecanatide or dolcanatide attenuates visceral hypersensitivity &ITvia&IT activation of guanylate cyclase-C in rat models

Illona-Marie Boulete et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2018)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes: a comparative review

James G. Boyle et al.

CLINICAL SCIENCE (2018)

Article Physiology

Interactions of Gut Endocrine Cells with Epithelium and Neurons

Rodger A. Liddle

COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Liraglutide for psychiatric disorders: clinical evidence and challenges

Mehmet Akif Camkurt et al.

HORMONE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2018)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Dietary and pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in IBS

Michael Camilleri et al.

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Beneficial effects of liraglutide (GLP1 analog) in the hippocampal inflammation

Andre R. C. Barreto-Vianna et al.

METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Visceral hyperalgesia caused by peptide YY deletion and Y2 receptor antagonism

Ahmed M. Hassan et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

Review Neurosciences

Stress-Induced Chronic Visceral Pain of Gastrointestinal Origin

Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld et al.

FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE (2017)

Article Immunology

Central serotonin attenuates LPS-induced systemic inflammation

Clarissa M. D. Mota et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2017)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

α-Synuclein in gut endocrine cells and its implications for Parkinson's disease

Rashmi Chandra et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson's Disease

Timothy R. Sampson et al.

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Nationwide Taiwanese Retrospective Cohort Study

Jung-Chun Lin et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2016)

Review Neurosciences

Modeling synaptogenesis in schizophrenia and autism using human iPSC derived neurons

Christa W. Habela et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched controls

Marcus M. Unger et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2016)

Review Physiology

MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF MEMBRANE GUANYLYL CYCLASE RECEPTORS

Michaela Kuhn

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

GLP-2 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation in BV-2 Cells by Inhibiting ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Nan Li et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2016)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Exenatide reduces TNF-α expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats

Volkan Solmaz et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Neuroepithelial circuit formed by innervation of sensory enteroendocrine cells

Diego V. Bohorquez et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2015)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents

A. Psichas et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

In Vivo Gastric Detection of α-Synuclein Inclusions in Parkinson's Disease

Alvaro Sanchez-Ferro et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats

Staffan Holmqvist et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mental health: A world of depression

Kerri Smith

NATURE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An Enteroendocrine Cell - Enteric Glia Connection Revealed by 3D Electron Microscopy

Diego V. Bohorquez et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abnormal rectal endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Magdy El-Salhy et al.

REGULATORY PEPTIDES (2014)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Neuropathic pain: mechanisms and their clinical implications

Steven P. Cohen et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2014)

Article Behavioral Sciences

Glucagon-like peptide-2 but not imipramine exhibits antidepressant-like effects in ACTH-treated mice

Takashi Iwai et al.

BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2013)

Review Neurosciences

Microglial Activation and Antioxidant Responses Induced by the Parkinson's Disease Protein α-Synuclein

Dawn Beraud et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY (2013)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Serotonin signalling in the gut-functions, dysfunctions and therapeutic targets

Gary M. Mawe et al.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2013)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Diagnosis, Characterization, and 3-Month Outcome After Detoxification of 39 Patients With Narcotic Bowel Syndrome

Douglas A. Drossman et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2012)

Article Clinical Neurology

Alpha-synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease

Kathleen M. Shannon et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2012)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide in the gut-brain axis

Peter Holzer et al.

NEUROPEPTIDES (2012)

Article Developmental Biology

Synaptic changes in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia

Gabor Faludi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE (2011)

Article Neurosciences

Alpha-synuclein release by neurons activates the inflammatory response in a microglial cell line

Lydia Alvarez-Erviti et al.

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior

Rochellys Diaz Heijtza et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rethinking schizophrenia

Thomas R. Insel

NATURE (2010)

Article Behavioral Sciences

Antidepressant-like effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 in mice occur via monoamine pathways

Takashi Iwai et al.

BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2009)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Expression of short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR41 in the human colon

Hideaki Tazoe et al.

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH-TOKYO (2009)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Who Use Narcotics: A Case-Control Study

Karen A. Hanson et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2009)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pain and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Klaus Bielefeldt et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2009)

Article Clinical Neurology

Migraine as a visceral pain

Pietro Cortelli et al.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2009)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A review of Parkinson's disease

C. A. Davie

BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN (2008)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Central sensitisation in visceral pain disorders

B. Moshiree et al.

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression

MH Trivedi et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition

L Diatchenko et al.

HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS (2005)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection

MJ During et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2003)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation

E Le Poul et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2003)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Entry of exendin-4 into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses

AJ Kastin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2003)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Protection and reversal of excitotoxic neuronal damage by glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4

T Perry et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS (2002)

Article Clinical Neurology

Where does Parkinson disease pathology begin in the brain?

K Del Tredici et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (2002)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier

AJ Kastin et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2002)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A novel neutrotrophic property of glucagon-like peptide 1: A promoter of nerve growth factor-mediated differentiation in PC12 cells

T Perry et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS (2002)