Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Children: State of the Art

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a non-invasive ventilatory support that has gained interest over the last ten years as a valid alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in children with respiratory failure. Its safety, availability, tolerability, and easy management have resulted its increasing usage, even outside intensive care units. Despite its wide use in daily clinical practice, there is still a lack of guidelines to standardize the use of HFNC. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the mechanisms of action, safety, clinical effects, and tolerance of HFNC in children, and to propose a clinical practices algorithm for children with respiratory failure.

Automated summary

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has gained interest as a valid alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in children with respiratory failure. Despite its wide use in clinical practice, there is a lack of guidelines to standardize the use of HFNC. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about HFNC in children and propose a clinical practices algorithm for respiratory failure.