Some are healthy and others not: Characterization of vended food products by Accra-based food retailers

Background and objectivesIncreasing the availability of healthy foods within food retail outlets can improve consumers' food environments. Such actions or inactions by food retailers may affect people's food purchasing and consumption behavior. This study explored Accra-based food retailers' perceptions and appreciation of healthiness of food as a concept. It also documented measures that food retailers adopt to encourage healthy food choices. MethodsIn-person semi-structured interviews were conducted with owners and managers of Accra-based supermarkets (n = 7) and corner stores (n = 13) in March 2021. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. ResultsThe retailers' understanding of healthy food, or lack thereof, is exemplified by such expressions as health, absence of disease, longevity, balanced diet, diversity, sanitation, and certification. A handful of retailers described what they sell as products that meet consumer needs, harmless, or generally good. Very few retailers described the food they sell as junk, high in sugar, fat, and salt, or energy-dense but nutrient poor foods, or as food that could pose some health risk to consumers. However, some retailers indicated that they advise their customers against the overconsumption of some foods. ConclusionOverall, Accra-based retailers have a fair understanding of what constitutes healthy food - exhibiting limited knowledge of the connection between very salty, very sugary, and very fatty foods and health outcomes. Retailers in Accra require interventions that improve their food, health, and nutrition literacy. Improving retailers' food and nutrition literacy may improve the availability of healthier options in food retail outlets in Accra.

Automated summary

This study explored the perceptions and understanding of healthy food among food retailers in Accra. The results showed that while retailers had a fair understanding of what constitutes healthy food, they lacked knowledge about the connection between very salty, very sugary, and very fatty foods and health outcomes. Interventions to improve retailers' food and nutrition literacy are needed to increase the availability of healthier options in Accra's food retail outlets.