4.7 Article

Synergistic Effect of Supercritical and Ultrasound-Assisted Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extracts

Journal

PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 21, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants11212872

Keywords

ginger; supercritical fluid extraction; ultrasound-assisted extraction; anticancer activity; antimicrobial activity

Categories

Funding

  1. Slovenian Research Agency [P2-0046]
  2. Smart materials for bio applications [J2-1725]

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The study demonstrated that extracts obtained by ultrasonic method and supercritical extraction with CO2 from ginger roots have high biologically active components. The mixture of the two extracts displayed better antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and significant inhibition of melanoma cells and antimicrobial potential.
Proper processing of natural material is crucial to obtain an extract with high content of biologically active components. Dried, grinded ginger roots were extracted by ultrasonic method and supercritical extraction with CO2. The aim of the study was to determine if a mixture of the two types of extracts attained by different methods and solvents exhibits better bioavailability than each extract itself. Therefore, both extracts were analytically evaluated and then mixed in a ratio of 1:1. The supercritical extract (SCG extract) and the mixed extract (mixG extract) had high antioxidant activity (78% and 73%) and total phenols (827 mg/g ext. and 1455 mg/g ext.), which is also consistent with the levels of gingerol (303 mg/g ext. and 271 g/g ext.) and shogaol (111 mg/g ext. and 100 g/g ext.) in the extracts. In comparison to both pure extracts higher levels of total phenols were found in the extract mixG. This could be the reason for the significant inhibition of melanoma cells and antimicrobial potential (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). The combination of the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the inhibition of selected microbial and melanoma cells WM-266-4 compared to the control. Cell viability decreased below 60% when mixG extract was applied. Antimicrobial activity has been confirmed.

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