Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Glutamate Receptor-like Gene (GLR) Family in Sugarcane

The plant glutamate receptor-like gene (GLR) plays a vital role in development, signaling pathways, and in its response to environmental stress. However, the GLR gene family has not been comprehensively and systematically studied in sugarcane. In this work, 43 GLR genes, including 34 in Saccharum spontaneum and 9 in the Saccharum hybrid cultivar R570, were identified and characterized, which could be divided into three clades (Glade I, II, and III). They had different evolutionary mechanisms, the former was mainly on the WGD/segmental duplication, while the latter mainly on the proximal duplication. Those sugarcane GLR proteins in the same Glade had a similar gene structure and motif distribution. For example, 79% of the sugarcane GLR proteins contained all the motifs, which proved the evolutionary stability of the sugarcane GLR gene family. The diverse cis-acting regulatory elements indicated that the sugarcane GLRs may play a role in the growth and development, or under the phytohormonal, biotic, and abiotic stresses. In addition, GO and KEGG analyses predicted their transmembrane transport function. Based on the transcriptome data, the expression of the Glade III genes was significantly higher than that of the Glade I and Glade II. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of the SsGLRs was induced by salicylic acid (SA) treatment, methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting their involvement in the hormone synthesis and signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study should provide useful information on comparative genomics to improve our understanding of the GLR genes and facilitate further research on their functions.

Automated summary

The GLR gene plays a crucial role in the development, signaling pathways, and response to environmental stress in sugarcane. The study identified and characterized 43 GLR genes in sugarcane, which could be divided into three clades. The findings suggest that the sugarcane GLRs may be involved in growth and development, hormone synthesis, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.