GC-MS Profiling, Anti-Helicobacter pylori, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Apiaceous Fruits' Essential Oils

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is a challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and GIT-related disorders. Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi are fruits belonging to the Apiaceae family. Their essential oils were extracted, analyzed using GC-MS, tested for anti-H. pylori activity by a micro-well dilution technique, identified for potential anti-H. pylori inhibitors by an in-silico study, and investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using a COX-2 inhibition assay. Results showed that the main components of C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi were cumaldehyde (41.26%), anethole (92.41%), and carvone (51.38%), respectively. Essential oil of C. cyminum exhibited the greatest anti-H. pylori activity (3.9 mu g/mL) followed by P. anisum (15.63 mu g/mL), while C. carvi showed the lowest activity (62.5 mu g/mL). The in-silico study showed that cumaldehyde in C. cyminum has the best fitting energy to inhibit H. pylori. C. cyminum essential oil showed the maximum ability to reduce the production of Cox-2 expression approaching celecoxib with IC50 = 1.8 +/- 0.41 mu g/mL, followed by the C. carvi oil IC50 = 7.3 +/- 0.35 mu g/mL and then oil of P. anisum IC50 = 10.7 +/- 0.63 mu g/mL. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as potential adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics against H. pylori.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that the essential oil from Cuminum cyminum has the strongest anti-H. pylori activity and good potential for inhibiting H. pylori. It also shows anti-inflammatory activity. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics for the treatment of H. pylori.