Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Resistance and Treatment Algorithm for Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Expert Panel Opinion

Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat for global health, causing an unacceptable burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. In particular, in 2017, carbapenem-resistant organisms were listed by the WHO among the group of pathogens for which novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Fortunately, several drugs and combinations have been introduced in recent years to treat multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, a correct use of these molecules is needed to preserve their efficacy. In the present paper, we will provide an overview on the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of the most common MDR Gram-negative bacteria, proposing a treatment algorithm for the management of infections due to carbapenem-resistant bacteria based on the most recent clinical evidence.

Automated summary

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global health, requiring urgent development of new treatment strategies. Several drugs and combinations have been introduced in recent years to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria, but their efficacy must be preserved through proper use. This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of the most common MDR Gram-negative bacteria, proposing a treatment algorithm based on the latest clinical evidence for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria.