Journal
PATHOGENS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101173
Keywords
atherosclerosis; cardiology; periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; virulence factors
Categories
Funding
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Croatia
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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause periodontal disease and cardiovascular problems. It can enter the bloodstream through periodontal lesions and spread to other organs, which can lead to the development of subacute endocarditis and cardiovascular diseases. P. gingivalis has several virulence and pathogenicity factors, including fimbriae, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, capsule, etc. Additionally, P. gingivalis in biofilm form is less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs, posing a challenge in treating infections caused by this bacterium.
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of bacteria. Under certain circumstances, as a consequence of virulence factors, it can become very destructive and proliferate to many cells in periodontal lesions. It is one of the causative agents present extremely often in dental plaque and is the main etiological factor in the development of periodontal disease. During various therapeutic procedures, P. gingivalis can enter the blood and disseminate through it to distant organs. This primarily refers to the influence of periodontal agents on the development of subacute endocarditis and can facilitate the development of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and ischemic infarction. The action of P. gingivalis is facilitated by numerous factors of virulence and pathogenicity such as fimbriae, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, lipopolysaccharides, and gingipains. A special problem is the possibility of biofilm formation. P. gingivalis in a biofilm is 500 to 1000 times less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs than planktonic cells, which represents a significant problem in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.
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