Journal
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00363-7
Keywords
Blood-brain barrier; Endothelial cell; Mitochondria; Intracellular stroke
Categories
Funding
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) [2019M3E5D1A02068575]
- NRF - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) [2017R1A5A2015385, 2022R1A2C2002756, 2022R1A2C2006269]
- Basic Science Research Program through NRF - Ministry of Education [2020R1A6A3A01097081]
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) - Ministry of Health Welfare [HR20C0025]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2022R1A2C2006269, 2022R1A2C2002756, 2020R1A6A3A01097081, 2019M3E5D1A02068575] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This study found that the Notch1 signaling pathway is associated with BBB disruption caused by endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of Notch1 may help protect BBB integrity and reduce the severity of acute brain injuries.
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) in cerebral vessels are considered the primary targets in acute hemorrhagic brain injuries. EC dysfunction can aggravate neuronal injuries by causing secondary inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Previous studies have reported that enhancement of mitochondrial function within ECs may reduce BBB disruption and decrease the severity of acute brain injuries. However, the molecular signaling pathways through which enhanced EC mitochondrial function is enhanced to exert this BBB protective effect have not been fully elucidated. Methods To identify signaling pathways involved in linking EC-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and BBB disruption, we first performed RNA sequencing using isolated cerebral vessels from TEKCRIF1 KO mice, a mouse strain that displays EC-specific mitochondrial dysfunction. After identification, we assessed the significance of candidate signaling pathways using an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model. BBB integrity was assessed using an IgG leakage assay, and symptomatic changes were evaluated using behavioral assays. Results Transcriptome analyses of the TEKCRIF1 KO mouse revealed significant changes in Notch1 signaling, a pathway intimately involved in BBB maintenance. We also observed a decrease in Notch1 signaling and expression of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) complex in the ICH mouse model, which also exhibits BBB disruption. To further assess the function of Notch1 signaling in relation to BBB disruption, we injected ICH model mice with adropin, a protein that interacts with the Notch1 ligand NB-3 and activates Notch1 signaling. We found that adropin prevented BBB disruption and reduced the extent (area) of the injury compared with that in vehicle controls, in association with alteration of mitochondrial function. Conclusion These results suggest that the Notch1 signaling pathway acts as an upstream regulator of DEGs and can be a target to regulate the changes involved with endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent BBB disruption. Thus, treatment methods that activate Notch1 may be beneficial in acute brain injuries by protecting BBB integrity.
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