Journal
ENERGY REPORTS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages 67-73Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.110
Keywords
Lithium-ion; Batteries; NMC; Synthesis; Co-precipitation
Categories
Funding
- EPSRC, UK [EP/W018950/1, EP/L016818/1]
- Faraday ISCF Faraday Challenge projects FutureCat, UK [FIRG017]
- Degradation, UK [FIRG001]
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The preparation of Ni-rich cathode materials is challenging due to the Ni2+ ion sensitivity to oxidation during synthesis. Control of synthesis conditions, such as temperature and pH, is necessary to achieve the desired layered structure in the Ni-rich materials.
The preparation of Ni-rich cathode materials is challenging due to the Ni2+ ion sensitivity to oxidation during synthesis. The synthesis conditions during the manufacture of Ni-rich materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) therefore require stringent control. The co-precipitation step, applied in the synthesis of the metal hydroxide precursor, determines the secondary particle assembly formation, where it is typically desirable to produce uniform, spherical, similar to 10 mu m-diameter structures. A stirred tank reactor is often employed to maintain a constant temperature of 60 degrees C and a controlled pH of between 10.5 and 11.5 in an inert atmosphere to maintain a high Ni2+/Ni3+ ion ratio. This promotes the formation of an NMC hydroxide precursor (NixMnyCoz(OH)(2)) which is typically milled with a lithium salt and calcined to form LiNixMnyCozO2 with a layered alpha-NaFeO2 crystalline structure. This review outlines some of the critical synthetic parameters for the formation of spherical secondary assemblies of metal hydroxide precursors for nickel-rich layered cathodes. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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