Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101941
Keywords
Caulerpa racemose; particulate matter; mitochondria; apoptosis; oxidative stress; clionasterol; zebrafish model
Funding
- Jeju National University
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This study evaluated the protective effect of Caulerpa racemosa (CR) against particulate matter (PM)-induced skin damage. The results showed that the clionasterol-rich hexane fraction (CRHF2) of CR exhibited superior protective activity by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
The increasing airborne particulate matter (PM) consisting of environmental contaminants such as dust, aerosols, and fibers has become a global concern by causing oxidative stress that leads to apoptosis and skin damage. The current study evaluated the protective effect of Caulerpa racemosa (CR) against PM-induced skin damage using human keratinocytes and a zebrafish model. The clionasterol-rich hexane fraction (CRHF2) of CR exhibited superior protective activity through downregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial ROS levels, as well as the PM-induced increase in apoptotic body formation and upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway proteins, along with sub-G1 cell accumulation dose-dependently. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that CRHF2 potentially downregulates PM-induced cell death, ROS, and NO production in the zebrafish model. Hence, the results evidenced that the protective effect of CRHF2 is caused by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in cells. Therefore, C. racemosa has the potential to be used in the development of pharmaceuticals to attenuate PM-induced skin diseases.
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