Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081594
Keywords
hydrogen peroxide; calcium signal; abscisic acid; gibberellic acid; seed germination
Funding
- China Agriculture Research System [CARS-25]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31972479]
- Young Science and Technology Star of Shaanxi [2022KJXX-80]
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi [2021TD-32]
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This study reveals the interaction between H2O2 and Ca2+ in seed germination and the mechanism of regulating the balance between ABA and GA(3). H2O2 induces Ca2+ influx, which increases H2O2 accumulation and forms a positive-regulatory loop to promote seed germination under ABA stress.
Seed germination is a critical stage and the first step in the plant's life cycle. H2O2 and Ca2+ act as important signal molecules in regulating plant growth and development and in providing defense against numerous stresses; however, their crosstalk in modulating seed germination remains largely unaddressed. In the current study, we report that H2O2 and Ca2+ counteracted abscisic acid (ABA) to induce seed germination in melon and Arabidopsis by modulating ABA and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) balance. H2O2 treatment induced a Ca2+ influx in melon seeds accompanied by the upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC) 20, which encodes a plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channel. However, the inhibition of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ elevation in the melon seeds and Arabidopsis mutant atcngc20 compromised H2O2-induced germination under ABA stress. CaCl2 induced H2O2 accumulation accompanied by the upregulation of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH) D and RBOHF in melon seeds with ABA pretreatment. However, inhibition of H2O2 accumulation in the melon seeds and Arabidopsis mutant atrbohd and atrbohf abolished CaCl2-induced germination under ABA stress. The current study reveals a novel mechanism in which H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling crosstalk offsets ABA to induce seed germination. H2O2 induces Ca2+ influx, which in turn increases H2O2 accumulation, thus forming a reciprocal positive-regulatory loop to maintain a balance between ABA and GA(3) and promote seed germination under ABA stress.
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