Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101342
Keywords
ractopamine; feed additive; toxicity; aquatic animals
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Funding
- Ministry of Science Technology [1082313-B-033-001-MY3]
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This article provides information on the application, detection methods, conflicts, and legal divisions of Ractopamine (RAC), emphasizing its potential toxicities on aquatic animals and the potentially harmful effects on the aquatic environment and human health.
Ractopamine (RAC) is a synthetic phenethanolamine, beta-adrenergic agonist used as a feed additive to develop leanness and increase feed conversion efficiency in different farm animals. While RAC has been authorized as a feed additive for pigs and cattle in a limited number of countries, a great majority of jurisdictions, including the European Union (EU), China, Russia, and Taiwan, have banned its use on safety grounds. RAC has been under long scientific and political discussion as a controversial antibiotic as a feed additive. Here, we will present significant information on RAC regarding its application, detection methods, conflicts, and legal divisions that play a major role in controversial deadlock and why this issue warrants the attention of scientists, agriculturists, environmentalists, and health advocates. In this review, we highlight the potential toxicities of RAC on aquatic animals to emphasize scientific evidence and reports on the potentially harmful effects of RAC on the aquatic environment and human health.
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