Journal
VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091436
Keywords
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; cutaneous manifestations; COVID-19 vaccination; gene mutation
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Funding
- Open Project of Jiangsu Biobank of Clinical Resources [TC2021B018]
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This article presents a patient who developed HLH after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, emphasizing the need for caution in individuals with preexisting immune dysregulation or diseases not classified when receiving the vaccine. A review of genetic defects and cutaneous manifestations of HLH was also conducted.
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare genetic and life-threatening immunodeficiency disease. Here, we present a 38-year-old male who initially developed multiple annular to irregular erythema accompanied by a fever after COVID-19 vaccination. He was diagnosed with HLH with evidence of leukocytopenia in a full blood test, elevations of ferritin and sCD25, decreased NK cell function, and hemophagocytosis of a bone marrow biopsy specimen. A genetic examination revealed two probable disease-causing heterozygous mutations on UNC13D associated with type 3 familial HLH. A review of the case reports relevant to HLH following COVID-19 vaccination and the cutaneous manifestations of HLH with genetic defects suggests the necessity that individuals with preexisting immune dysregulation or diseases not classified should be cautious about COVID-19 vaccination and reminds clinicians that various recalcitrant skin lesions may be a sign of HLH.
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