Journal
VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091545
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Omicron subvariants; immune evasion; spike mutation; molecular basis
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [1R01AI16115201A1]
- Massachusetts Consortiumon Pathogen Readiness (MassCPR) [280870.5116709.0016]
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Since being declared a variant of concern by the WHO, the Omicron variant has caused a surge of cases worldwide. It has extensive mutations in its spike glycoprotein, allowing it to evade antiviral immunity provided by vaccination and other means. The Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 have additional unique mutations in their spike proteins, further enhancing their immune evasion capabilities.
Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was declared a variant of concern (VOC) by the WHO on 24 November 2021, it has caused another global surge of cases. With extensive mutations in its spike glycoprotein, Omicron gained substantial capabilities to evade the antiviral immunity provided by vaccination, hybrid immunity, or monoclonal antibodies. The Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 extended this immune evasion capability by having additional unique mutations in their respective spike proteins. The ongoing Omicron wave and emergence of new Omicron subvariants leads to additional concerns regarding the efficacy of the current antiviral measurements. To have a better understanding of the Omicron subvariants, this review summarizes reports of the immune evasion of subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 as well as the molecular basis of immune evasion.
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