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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic across Africa: Current Status of Vaccinations and Implications for the Future

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Lila J. Finney Rutten et al.

Summary: The success of COVID-19 vaccination programs relies on scientific safety data, high acceptance rates, and population coverage. However, vaccine hesitancy and complacency about vaccination may undermine the success of these programs. Multilevel, evidence-based strategies are needed to address behavior change and vaccine hesitancy.

MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19-Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results

Summary: The authors of the study reported the interim results of using four repurposed antiviral drugs (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study showed that these drug regimens had little or no effect on overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Oncology

Cancer in Lockdown: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cancer

Harsha Moraliyage et al.

Summary: Patients with cancer have turned to social media platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic to express concerns about delayed diagnosis, treatment cancellations, missed treatments, and weakened immunity. The emotional well-being of these patients remains largely unexplored and underreported, despite the use of remote health technologies to address medical needs.

ONCOLOGIST (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Immunization Campaigns and Programs: A Systematic Review

Zohra S. Lassi et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted health service delivery, specifically immunization programs, resulting in a reduction in vaccine coverage and children missing out on vaccinations. Contributing factors to low vaccine coverage include fear of virus exposure at healthcare facilities, city-wide movement restrictions, worker shortages, and resource diversion to address the pandemic. It is crucial to establish high-quality supplementary immunization activities and catch-up programs to address gaps during and after the pandemic.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Rapid review of suspected adverse drug events due to remdesivir in the WHO database; findings and implications

Jaykaran Charan et al.

Summary: The study found that remdesivir has potential in managing COVID-19 patients, but there are concerns about its effectiveness and the need to monitor liver and kidney function in patients. Recent data from WHO VigiBase (R) showed that the majority of ADEs involved COVID-19 patients, with a considerable proportion of patients from the Americas.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Rapid Assessment of the Potential Paucity and Price Increases for Suggested Medicines and Protection Equipment for COVID-19 Across Developing Countries With a Particular Focus on Africa and the Implications

Israel Abebrese Sefah et al.

Summary: Countries in Africa and Asia have implemented various measures to prevent and treat COVID-19 with medicines and personal protective equipment. However, controversies and shortages have arisen, especially with treatments like hydroxychloroquine, leading to price rises and suicides. Changes in the utilization, prices, and shortages of medications and PPE have been observed, with increases in the use of antimalarials, antibiotics, vitamins/immune boosters, and PPE documented in some countries. Shortages have led to price increases in some regions, prompting the need for further investigation and strategies to address misinformation and unintended consequences.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Epidemiology and diagnosis, environmental resources quality and socio-economic perspectives for COVID-19 pandemic

Surindra Suthar et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had significant impacts on public health, environment, and socio-economic factors globally. Research shows a decrease in air pollutants with the pandemic, but high pollution cities experienced higher mortality rates in COVID-19 affected areas. Additionally, the use of health safety equipment and work-from-home policies have affected solid and hazardous waste management services.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Virology

Vaccine hesitancy: Beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students

Shimaa M. Saied et al.

Summary: Vaccine hesitancy is a challenge for achieving population immunity. A study among medical students in Egypt found that most students recognized the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine but had hesitancy due to concerns about adverse effects and ineffectiveness. Efforts are needed to reduce hesitancy and raise awareness about vaccinations to improve acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Individual determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

Philip Gerretsen et al.

Summary: Mistrust of vaccine benefit and low perceived seriousness of COVID-19 are the principal determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Right-wing political affiliation, higher risk propensity, and less negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic also play key roles. Lack of vaccine confidence and complacency explain a significant portion of the variance in vaccine hesitancy.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and safety of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

J. Deng et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of ivermectin for treating COVID-19 based on peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The results showed that ivermectin was not associated with significant reductions in time to viral clearance, duration of hospitalization, mortality, or incidence of mechanical ventilation. These findings suggest that ivermectin may not be effective in managing COVID-19.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Medical disinformation and the unviable nature of COVID-19 conspiracy theories

David Robert Grimes

Summary: The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a surge of medical misinformation on social media, with various false claims gaining traction. It is crucial for the medical and scientific community to debunk and counter these falsehoods to minimize their damaging effects on society.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Potential approaches for the pricing of cancer medicines across Europe to enhance the sustainability of healthcare systems and the implications

Brian Godman et al.

Summary: European health authorities are concerned about the rising prices of new cancer medicines, discussing various pricing methods and the need for price transparency, as new oncology medicines continue to be developed, there will be stricter regulation over the prices of patented medicines.

EXPERT REVIEW OF PHARMACOECONOMICS & OUTCOMES RESEARCH (2021)

Article Immunology

Assessment of Vaccine Hesitancy to a COVID-19 Vaccine in Cameroonian Adults and Its Global Implication

Jerome Nyhalah Dinga et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess vaccine hesitancy towards a COVID-19 vaccine in Cameroonians, revealing a hesitancy rate of 84.6%. The most prominent determinants observed were communication and media environment, perception of pharmaceutical industry, reliability and/or source of vaccine, and cost. The study highlights the need for addressing safety, efficacy, and confidence concerns through a public engagement approach for successful administration of a COVID-19 vaccine in Africa or specifically in Cameroon.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from six national phone surveys

Shelton Kanyanda et al.

Summary: The study estimated the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in six sub-Saharan African countries and found generally high acceptance rates, ranging from nearly universal in Ethiopia to below herd immunity levels in Mali. Vaccine hesitancy was not significantly correlated with sex or age, but some clusters of hesitancy were observed in urban areas, among the better educated, and in richer households. Safety concerns and side effects were primary reservations toward COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across countries.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Key Issues Surrounding Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review and the Implications

Julius C. Mwita et al.

Summary: There are significant concerns with the timing and duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in LMICs. Successful interventions involve multiple approaches such as education, monitoring, and setting quality targets, which can improve appropriateness, reduce prolonged duration, and decrease costs. Multiple interventions among LMICs can address these concerns and provide future directions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

They have produced a vaccine, but we doubt if COVID-19 exists: correlates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among adults in Kano, Nigeria

Zubairu Iliyasu et al.

Summary: The study conducted in urban Kano, northern Nigeria, revealed that half of the adults were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, with acceptance influenced by factors such as age, income, comorbidities, risk perception, and concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and rumors.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

Article Immunology

Compliance Indicators of COVID-19 Prevention and Vaccines Hesitancy in Kenya: A Random-Effects Endogenous Probit Model

Abayomi Samuel Oyekale

Summary: The study highlighted the increasing willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines in Kenya over time, along with improved compliance with preventive practices, while the utilization of immune system-promoting practices remained low. The research results indicate that compliance indicators significantly influence the willingness to take vaccines.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Immunology

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions in Eastern Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lauren McAbee et al.

Summary: The study found that nearly half of the respondents expressed intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, with vaccine intentions primarily associated with confidence in vaccine safety. Male heads of households, those with higher levels of education, and those who identified vaccination and face mask usage as prevention measures were more likely to intend to get vaccinated.

VACCINES (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

New COVID-19 resurgence in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region

Pierre Nabeth et al.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

S. A. Madhi et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies

Goran Muric et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a dataset of Twitter posts and accounts with strong antivaccine opinions, which is made available to the research community. The accounts in the dataset lean toward the conservative side of the political spectrum and share misinformation from websites with questionable credibility. Understanding vaccine hesitancy through social media is crucial for combating misinformation and promoting vaccination campaigns.

JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Rise and Fall of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine as Compassionate Therapy of COVID-19

Elangovan Manivannan et al.

Summary: The rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19 have posed a global public health challenge. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were initially considered for the treatment of COVID-19, but their authorization was later revoked by FDA and WHO, emphasizing the need for evidence-based treatment protocols to address the pandemic.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Barriers to implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in three low- and middle-income country tertiary care settings: findings from a multi-site qualitative study

Robert Rolfe et al.

Summary: This study identified important barriers to implementing ASPs in three tertiary care centers in LMICs, including improving drug availability, enhancing availability of and trust in microbiologic data, developing local guidelines, and providing education to physicians regarding antimicrobial prescribing.

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL (2021)

Article Psychology, Biological

A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations

Edouard Mathieu et al.

Summary: An effective rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in ending the pandemic, and Our World in Data's vaccination dataset tracks the progress and scale of vaccine distribution globally, aiding policymakers and researchers in understanding the global vaccination efforts.

NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR (2021)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 Vaccine Roll-Out in South Africa and Zimbabwe: Urgent Need to Address Community Preparedness, Fears and Hesitancy

Tafadzwa Dzinamarira et al.

Summary: As South Africa becomes one of the first African countries to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, other countries in Africa are also setting up national coordination committees for vaccination deployment plans, emphasizing the importance of public health awareness and combating misinformation. Recommendations for communication strategies in South African and Zimbabwean contexts have been proposed to address the threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Immunology

Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low-and Middle-Income Countries

Suzanna Awang Bono et al.

Summary: The global survey showed variations in vaccine acceptance rates among different countries, with education level and knowledge about the virus possibly influencing the acceptance rates. For those who consider vaccination as very important for themselves, the acceptance rate is higher.

VACCINES (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines

Andrew Bryant et al.

Summary: The study shows that ivermectin treatment can significantly reduce COVID-19 mortality and potentially prevent disease progression. However, evidence for ivermectin chemoprophylaxis remains low certainty and requires further research.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTICS (2021)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa: how can we maximize uptake of COVID-19 vaccines?

Sara Cooper et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Africa is influenced by multiple factors and requires broader trust-building measures to address it. Providing vaccine communication strategies during the pandemic also presents an opportunity for positive intervention and reducing trends of vaccine hesitancy.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2021)

Editorial Material Immunology

COVID-19 vaccine access in Africa: Global distribution, vaccine platforms, and challenges ahead

Marguerite Massinga Loembe et al.

Summary: The development of COVID-19 vaccines at a record pace is a remarkable global scientific achievement, but equitable access to vaccines remains a challenge. African countries must take action to ensure vaccination of their populations and ultimately overcome the pandemic.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: the five Cs to tackle behavioural and sociodemographic factors

Mohammad S. Razai et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Estimating global and regional disruptions to routine childhood vaccine coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a modelling study

Kate Causey et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on childhood routine immunisation globally in 2020, with millions of children missing doses of vaccines such as DTP3 and MCV1. While some regions show signs of recovery in vaccine coverage, efforts to strengthen immunisation data systems and reach children who missed routine vaccine doses during the pandemic will be crucial in accelerating progress towards higher and more equitable vaccination coverage in the coming years.

LANCET (2021)

Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 vaccine rollout: will it affect the rates of vaccine hesitancy in Africa?

O. C. Ekwebelem et al.

PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tracking mortality in near to real time provides essential information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa in 2020

D. Bradshaw et al.

Summary: This study estimated excess deaths in South Africa in 2020 by adjusting weekly death numbers and comparing them to past data, revealing the potential magnitude of COVID-19 impact and highlighting the second wave outbreak in 2021.

SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy

Mohammad S. Razai et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sales of antibiotics and hydroxychloroquine in India during the COVID-19 epidemic: An interrupted time series analysis

Giorgia Sulis et al.

Summary: The study indicates a significant increase in antibiotic sales, particularly azithromycin, during the peak phase of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in India, highlighting the urgent need for antibiotic stewardship measures.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Examining Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes among Adults to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Ghana

Theophilus Acheampong et al.

Summary: In Ghana, about half of urban adult residents are willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, while approximately one-fifth are unlikely to do so, and another 28% are undecided. Vaccine hesitancy varies across socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and primary sources of information. Achieving herd immunity in Ghana will require combining preventive vaccination programs with a robust public education campaign addressing misconceptions about vaccines.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Vaccination in Lower-Middle Income Countries: National Stakeholder Views on Challenges, Barriers, and Potential Solutions

Eunice Twumwaa Tagoe et al.

Summary: The development of COVID-19 vaccines does not mean the end of the pandemic, as countries need to purchase enough doses and successfully roll out vaccination plans. Low- and middle-income countries may encounter more challenges in vaccine distribution, but with strategies to overcome barriers and expand vaccination programs, successful rollout can be achieved.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Economic Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on households

Francis Fatoye et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the economic impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on individuals and households, finding that it led to increased household expenditures, particularly on items like hand sanitizers and face masks. Continuing COVID-19 restrictions could have significant economic consequences for households and the health system.

PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Challenges and Innovations Brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic Regarding Medical and Pharmacy Education Especially in Africa and Implications for the Future

Ayukafangha Etando et al.

Summary: Medical and pharmacy education in Africa has faced numerous challenges during the pandemic, including adapting to online learning, equipment shortages, and high Internet costs. Various measures such as training sessions, innovative teaching approaches, and cost reduction strategies have been implemented to address these challenges and improve education and assessments.

HEALTHCARE (2021)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and correlated variables among global populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ricvan Dana Nindrea et al.

Summary: This study identified various factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, such as high income, fear about COVID-19, healthcare workers, married individuals, chronic diseases, and females. These findings can help guide the implementation of effective mass vaccination programs.

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Stella Talic et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that personal protective and social measures like handwashing, mask wearing, and physical distancing are associated with reductions in the incidence of COVID-19. However, due to heterogeneity of the studies, meta-analysis for other interventions like quarantine, isolation, universal lockdowns, and closures was not possible, and further research is needed.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Health Policy & Services

COVID-19 vaccine uptake among health care workers in Ghana: a case for targeted vaccine deployment campaigns in the global south

Robert Kaba Alhassan et al.

Summary: The study in Ghana found that 48% of HCWs are willing to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial and 70% are willing to accept the vaccine. Younger HCWs, non-Christians, and those working in faith-based health facilities are more likely to participate in a vaccine trial, while female HCWs and those with lower educational qualifications are less likely to accept the vaccine. Reasons for not participating in a vaccine trial or accepting the vaccine include fear, safety concerns, mistrust, uncertainty, and spiritual beliefs.

HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH (2021)

Article Tropical Medicine

Acceptance of the coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine among medical students in Uganda

Andrew Marvin Kanyike et al.

Summary: The study found low acceptance levels towards the COVID-19 vaccine among medical students in Uganda, low self-perceived risks of COVID-19, and reliance on social media for negative information. This poses a significant risk in the battle against COVID-19 in the future, especially when these future health professionals are expected to influence decisions of the general public.

TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

When it is available, will we take it? Social media users' perception of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria

Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi et al.

Summary: The study found that most social media users in Nigeria are willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, although some have concerns about the reliability of clinical trials or believe in the efficacy of their immune system. There is a significant association between the age and geographical location of respondents and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.

PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccination among Health Care Workers in Ghana

Martin Wiredu Agyekum et al.

Summary: The study found that only 39.3% of healthcare workers in Ghana intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. Factors such as sex, category of healthcare workers, family members being diagnosed with COVID-19, and trust in government measures were significant predictors of vaccine acceptability. Concerns about vaccine safety and adverse effects were the main reasons for healthcare workers declining vaccine uptake.

ADVANCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Biology

Prevalence Rate of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Events and Determinants of Serious Adverse Events amongst Three Outpatient Care Settings in Ghana: Findings and Implications

Israel Abebrese Sefah et al.

Summary: This study in outpatient care settings in hospitals in Ghana found an annual prevalence rate of 192 reports/1000,000 population for spontaneously reported ADEs, with a 35.48% rate of serious ADEs. Serious ADEs were associated with the type of indication for which the drug was prescribed, the duration of the ADE, and the need to administer treatment for the ADE at the reporting facility. Early spontaneous reporting of ADEs at outpatient settings is essential for future guidance and patient safety.

ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists' contribution during a public health crisis

Cathal A. Cadogan et al.

Summary: The global spread of COVID-19 is placing unprecedented demands on healthcare services. Community pharmacy, as one of a number of health professions, has a key role to play in responding to the current pandemic.

RESEARCH IN SOCIAL & ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Dealing with vaccine hesitancy in Africa: the prospective COVID-19 vaccine context

Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi et al.

Summary: In order to enhance the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, it is necessary to promote community involvement, improve feedback mechanisms, strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration, and integrate the vaccine into routine immunization programs.

PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Review Oncology

Delays and Disruptions in Cancer Health Care Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review

Rachel Riera et al.

Summary: The study identified a high frequency of delays and disruptions in cancer care services globally due to the reduction in service availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Various categories of delays and disruptions were found to impact cancer treatment, diagnosis, and general health services.

JCO GLOBAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Changes in Availability, Utilization, and Prices of Medicines and Protection Equipment for COVID-19 in an Urban Population of Northern Nigeria

Mainul Haque et al.

Summary: In Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been significant increases in consumption of hydroxychloroquine, vitamins/immune boosters, and antibiotics, along with notable shortages and price hikes for PPE. Community pharmacists play a crucial role in providing evidence-based advice and mitigating price fluctuations.

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY PRACTICE (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

The impact of law enforcement on dispensing antibiotics without prescription: a multi-methods study from Saudi Arabia

Alian A. Alrasheedy et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings

Pascale M. Abena et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

The Potential Effects of Coronavirus on National Health Expenditures

Sherry Glied et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Managing COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Joost Hopman et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

How covid-19 is accelerating the threat of antimicrobial resistance

Jeremy Hsu

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic

Juliet Bedford et al.

LANCET (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response

Hans Henri P. Kluge et al.

LANCET (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surveillance and Containment Measures for the First 100 Patients with COVID-19 in Singapore - January 2-February 29, 2020

Yixiang Ng et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

Editorial Material Economics

COVID-19 Pandemic, a War to be Won: Understanding its Economic Implications for Africa

John E. Ataguba

APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY (2020)

Editorial Material Emergency Medicine

Evidence-based medicine and COVID-19: what to believe and when to change

Simon Carley et al.

EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19

Amiel A. Dror et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19: Emergence, Spread, Possible Treatments, and Global Burden

Raghuvir Keni et al.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Review Immunology

Vaccines as remedy for antimicrobial resistance and emerging infections

Marco Troisi et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Global lockdown: An effective safeguard in responding to the threat ofCOVID-19

Bhupendra Kumar Verma et al.

JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

Peter Horby et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

COVID-19 pandemic in resource-poor countries: challenges, experiences and opportunities in Ghana

Daniel Kwame Afriyie et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2020)

News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows

Owen Dyer

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

Systematic Review on the Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Clinical Evidence of Drug Efficacy and Implications

Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar et al.

INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Efficacy and safety of steroid therapy in COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and Meta-analysis

Phulen Sarma et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Social media and vaccine hesitancy

Steven Lloyd Wilson et al.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2020)

Article Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary

Pragmatism as a Research Paradigm and Its Implications for Social Work Research

Vibha Kaushik et al.

SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL (2019)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Structure and activities of pharmacy and therapeutics committees among public hospitals in South Africa; findings and implications

Moliehi Matlala et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2017)

Article Immunology

Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants

Noni E. MacDonald

VACCINE (2015)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Are new models needed to optimize the utilization of new medicines to sustain healthcare systems?

Brian Godman et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

Article Health Policy & Services

Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research

Lawrence A. Palinkas et al.

ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH (2015)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An Analytical Framework for Assessing Drug and Therapeutics Committee Structure and Work Processes in Tertiary Brazilian Hospitals

Elisangela da Costa Lima-Dellamora et al.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2014)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Different initiatives across Europe to enhance losartan utilization post generics: impact and implications

James C. Moon et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2014)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research

Nicola K. Gale et al.

BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (2013)

Article Economics

Soft Regulations in Pharmaceutical Policy Making An Overview of Current Approaches and their Consequences

Bjorn Wettermark et al.

APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY (2009)