4.7 Review

Renal Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination

Journal

VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111783

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccination; side effect; adverse reaction; kidney disease; renal; SARS-CoV-2

Funding

  1. Key Project of Provincial Ministry Construction, Health Science and Technology Project Plan of Zhejiang Province [WKJ-ZJ-2128]
  2. Key Laboratory ofWomen's Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province [ZDFY2020-RH-0006]
  3. National Natural Science Foundation of China [U20A20351]
  4. Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province [2021C03079]

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New-onset and relapsed kidney diseases have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, with minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis, and acute interstitial nephritis being the most frequent renal side effects. However, most patients responded well to treatment, indicating that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks. Healthcare professionals, especially nephrologists, need to be aware of these side effects and treat them promptly.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a challenge on global healthcare and has tremendously impacted everyone's lives. Vaccination is one of the most effective and vital strategies to halt the pandemic. However, new-onset and relapsed kidney diseases have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. This narrative review was conducted to collect published data and generalize some hypotheses for the pathogenesis of renal side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A systematic literature search of articles reporting renal adverse reactions, including in adults and children, in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until August 2022 was performed. Results: A total of 130 cases reporting a renal adverse reaction following COVID-19 vaccination from 90 articles were included in this review, of which 90 (69%) were new-onset kidney diseases, while 40 (31%) were relapsed kidney diseases. The most frequent renal side effects of COVID-19 vaccination were minimal change disease (52 cases), IgA nephropathy (48 cases), antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis (16 cases), and acute interstitial nephritis (12 cases). Other renal side effects occurred at a much lower frequency. Follow-up data were available for 105 patients, and 100 patients (95%) responded to the treatments. Conclusions: The number of reported cases is far less than the hundreds of millions of vaccinations, and the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination far outweighs its risks. This review will assist healthcare professionals, particularly nephrologists, who should be aware of these side effects and recognize them early and treat them efficiently.

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