Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Infectious Diseases
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Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and signs at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 and found that a large proportion of patients experience post-acute COVID-19 syndrome 3 to 12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19. However, available studies of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome are highly heterogeneous. Future studies need to have appropriate comparator groups, standardized symptom definitions and measurements, and longer follow-up.
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Caifang Zheng et al.
Summary: A meta-analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccines have high efficacy in real-world settings, providing significant protection against SARS-CoV-2-related diseases. Fully vaccinated individuals had vaccine effectiveness of 89.1% against infection, 97.2% against hospitalization, 97.4% against ICU admission, and 99.0% against death.
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Summary: People with COVID-19 might experience long-term symptoms known as long COVID or long-haul COVID. The lack of a standardized definition hinders the understanding and treatment of this condition. In a WHO-led Delphi process, a consensus definition was developed, stating that post-COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms lasting for at least 2 months and impacting everyday functioning. This common framework provides a foundation for future studies and therapy.
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Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 survivors may experience persistent symptoms for at least 12 months, including fatigue, dyspnea, arthromyalgia, depression, anxiety, memory loss, concentration difficulties, and insomnia. Female patients and those with more severe initial illness are more likely to suffer from long-term sequelae after one year.
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Danilo Buonsenso et al.
Summary: Long COVID syndrome is characterized by persistent mild-to-moderate symptoms and medical complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This report proposes a model for the pathophysiology of long COVID, suggesting that the persistence of the virus or its molecular components leads to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. This dysregulated immune response and chronic inflammation are hypothesized to form the basis of the syndrome.
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Giuseppe Maglietta et al.
Summary: This study investigates the association between factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization and long-term sequelae. The findings suggest that female sex and acute disease severity may serve as independent prognostic factors. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results and develop targeted prevention and management strategies for individuals at higher risk for PCS.
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Kai Wang et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccines against variants through a meta-analysis. The results showed that the current vaccines used globally can significantly prevent COVID-19 infection and restrict the spread of variants. The efficacy of two doses of vaccine was more pronounced compared to one dose, and mRNA vaccines were found to be the most effective against variants. It is important to consider the local prevalence of variants when selecting specific vaccines.
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Summary: Vaccination against COVID-19 has been shown to reduce the risk of certain outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not all outcomes. The age and number of vaccine doses may have an impact on the effectiveness of the vaccine.
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Summary: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS) as a tool for evaluating the emotional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 in long COVID survivors. The study found that HADS had good internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity, and can be used to assess psychological and emotional stress in COVID-19 survivors with long COVID.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
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Review
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Ali A. Rabaan et al.
Summary: This article is a systematic review comparing health complications observed in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals with COVID-19. The study found a potential association between COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and multiorgan failure, although there is currently insufficient evidence to make conclusive statements about the relationship.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kin Israel Notarte et al.
Summary: This systematic review investigates the association between COVID-19 vaccination and long-COVID symptoms. The findings suggest that vaccination is associated with reduced risks of long-COVID, with preliminary evidence showing that two doses are more effective than one dose. The impact of vaccination on people with existing long-COVID symptoms is still controversial.
Review
Primary Health Care
Sophie A. M. van Kessel et al.
Summary: This systematic review examines the nature and frequency of persistent symptoms in patients after mild COVID-19 infection. The findings indicate that approximately one-third of patients with mild infections experience persistent symptoms after 3 weeks. Common persistent symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, headache, decreased cognitive function, and olfactory dysfunction. Additionally, persistent symptoms can have significant consequences on work and daily functioning.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claudia Carvalho-Schneider et al.
Summary: In noncritical COVID-19 patients, most individuals continued to experience symptoms up to 2 months after symptom onset, with the main complaints being anosmia/ageusia, dyspnoea, or asthenia. Factors associated with persistent symptoms included age 40-60 years old, hospital admission, and abnormal auscultation at symptom onset.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
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Summary: Coronavirus vaccines help reduce the risk of developing COVID-19, but studies differ on their protective effect against long COVID.
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Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence D. Hayes et al.
Summary: With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more attention has been drawn to the persistent symptoms of long COVID, yet systematic reviews on the type and prevalence of symptoms are lacking. A study found that there are over 100 different symptoms reported in long COVID patients, with significant variations in prevalence, potentially related to unknown factors.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
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Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: This meta-analysis revealed that more than 60% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced post-COVID-19 symptoms. Fatigue and dyspnea were the most prevalent post-COVID-19 symptoms, especially at 60 and >= 90 days after onset.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
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Cecilie Delphin Amdal et al.
Summary: This systematic review identified a wide range of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues experienced by COVID-19 patients, providing important information for clinicians to better recognize and treat the disease. The results also served as the basis for developing a COVID-19 specific patient-reported HRQoL questionnaire on an international scale.
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
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Sandra Lopez-Leon et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19, estimating that 80% of infected patients will develop one or more long-term symptoms, with the most common being fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss, and dyspnea.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Fahad M. Iqbal et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinical characteristics of acute and chronic post-COVID syndrome, finding that fatigue and dyspnoea were the most prevalent symptoms in acute stage, while fatigue and sleep disturbance were the most prevalent symptoms in chronic stage. However, the overall quality of available evidence is poor, with significant risk of bias.
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Bryce A. Mander et al.
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Erik Hedman et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
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