Journal
VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091383
Keywords
influenza virus; split vaccine; adjuvant; cross-protection
Categories
Funding
- NIH/NIAID [AI093772, AI154656, AI152800, AI147042]
- NIH/NIGMS [GM120159]
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The study investigated the adjuvant effects of VSA-1, a newly developed analog of QS-21, on promoting protection in mice after vaccination with the inactivated split virus vaccine. Results showed that VSA-1 significantly improved antibody titers and homologous protection, and exhibited comparable effects in heterosubtypic protection to QS-21. T cell immunity played a crucial role in conferring cross-protection.
Adjuvants can increase the magnitude and durability of the immune response generated by the vaccine antigen. Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. A few new adjuvants have been licensed for use in human vaccines since the 1990s. QS-21, a mixture of saponin compounds, was included in the AS01-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine. Here, we investigated the adjuvant effects of VSA-1, a newly developed semisynthetic analog of QS-21, on promoting protection in mice after vaccination with the inactivated split virus vaccine. The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on enhancing heterosubtypic protection after two doses of adjuvanted vaccination were comparable to those of QS-21. T cell immunity played an important role in conferring cross-protection by VSA-1-adjuvanted vaccination. Overall, the findings in this study suggest that VSA-1 exhibits desirable adjuvant properties and a unique pattern of innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to improved homologous and heterosubtypic protection by inactivated split influenza vaccination in mice.
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