Extracellular vesicles biogenesis, isolation, manipulation and genetic engineering for potential in vitro and in vivo therapeutics: An overview

The main goals of medicine consist of early detection and effective treatment of different diseases. In this regard, the rise of exosomes as carriers of natural biomarkers has recently attracted a lot of attention and managed to shed more light on the future of early disease diagnosis methods. Here, exosome biogenesis, its role as a biomarker in metabolic disorders, and recent advances in state-of-art technologies for exosome detection and isolation will be reviewed along with future research directions and challenges regarding the manipulation and genetic engineering of exosomes for potential in vitro and in vivo disease diagnosis approaches.

Automated summary

The rise of exosomes as carriers of natural biomarkers has attracted attention in the field of early disease diagnosis. This review discusses exosome biogenesis, their role as biomarkers in metabolic disorders, recent advances in exosome detection and isolation technologies, as well as future research directions and challenges in manipulating and genetically engineering exosomes for disease diagnosis.