Species-Specific and Altitude-Induced Variation in Karst Plants' Use of Soil Dissolved Inorganic Carbon

Root-derived carbon sources supporting photosynthesis have been demonstrated to contribute to plant carbon gain in many laboratory experiments. However, it remains largely unknown whether and to what extent soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) influences leaf photosynthesis in karst habitats characterized by alkaline soils with low water content. We explored this relationship by measuring the concentrations and carbon isotope signals (delta C-13) of soil DIC, as well as the delta C-13 of water-soluble organic matter (delta(WSOM)) in leaves of nine woody species across an altitudinal gradient in karst habitats. The delta(WSOM) varied among species by 7.23 parts per thousand and deviated from the delta C-13 of photosynthates solely assimilated from atmospheric CO2 (delta(A)) by 0.44-5.26 parts per thousand, with a mean value of 2.20 parts per thousand. This systematical discrepancy (delta(A) - delta(WSOM)) could only be explained by the contribution of soil DIC to leaf total photosynthesis (f(DIC_soil)). The average values of f(DIC_soil) considerably varied among the nine species, ranging from 2.48% to 9.99%, and were comparable with or slightly lower than those of previous laboratory experiments. Furthermore, the f(DIC_soil) of two species significantly increased with altitude, whereas another species exhibited an opposite pattern, suggesting a highly spatial heterogeneity of DIC utilization. The present study improved our understanding of how plants adapt to the alkaline-drought soil conditions of karst habitats and thus acquire additional carbon for growth.

Automated summary

Soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has a varying impact on leaf photosynthesis in karst habitats, with spatial heterogeneity. This study enhances our understanding of plant adaptation to the soil conditions in karst habitats and the acquisition of additional carbon.