Host-Parasite Relationship-Nematode Communities in Populations of Small Mammals

Simple Summary Intestinal nematodes were analyzed in three small rodent species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus. In total, 15 species of nematodes were identified. We studied the relationship between the parasitological parameters (individual parasite species richness IndPSR and individual parasite load IndPL) and morphological characteristics (body mass, body condition index BCI, and spleen mass). In all of the studied species, our results showed that animals in a better condition (BCI) had significantly higher parasite species richness, as we had expected. Furthermore, we showed that females of the same BCI as males were parasitized with more parasite species in A. flavicollis. Contrary to our expectations, the spleen mass did not reflect changes in the level of parasitism, but in M. glareolus, a smaller spleen was related to a higher parasite load. Since the spleen is just part of the complex immune response, it is possible that the presence of nematode parasite species provokes, in small rodent species, a response at the other levels of the immune system. Nematode burdens and variation in morphological characteristics were assessed in eighty-eight animals from three host species (Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus) from eight localities in Serbia. In total, 15 species of nematodes were identified, and the overall mean parasite species richness (IndPSR) was 1.61 per animal (1.98 in A. flavicollis, 1.43 in M. glareolus, and 0.83 in A. sylvaticus). Furthermore, the studied host species significantly differed in individual parasite load (IndPL) and in the following morphological characters: spleen mass, body condition index (BCI), and body mass. We aimed to analyze the relationship between the burden of intestinal nematodes, on one hand, and the body conditions of the host and its capability to develop immune defends on the other. Spleen mass was considered as a measure of immune response. In all host species, larger animals with a better condition (higher BCI) were infected with more parasites species (IndPSR), while parasite load was not related to BCI. Only in A. flavicollis were males significantly larger, but females of the same sizes were infected with more parasite species. This female-biased parasitism is contrary to the theoretical expectation that males should be more parasitized, being larger, more active, with a wider home range. Although the spleen size was significantly correlated with body condition and body mass, IndPSR was not related to spleen mass in any studied species, but in M. galareolus, we found that a smaller spleen was related to higher infection intensity (IndPL).

Automated summary

This study analyzed intestinal nematodes in three small rodent species and found that animals in better condition had higher parasite species richness. In A. flavicollis, females had more parasite species than males of the same body condition. Contrary to expectations, spleen mass did not reflect changes in parasitism level, but in M. glareolus, a smaller spleen was related to a higher parasite load.