Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Social Genetic Effects on Average Daily Gain in Purebreds and Crossbreds

Simple Summary Average daily gain (ADG) is influenced by both an individual's direct genetic effect (DGE) and by a social genetic effect (SGE) derived from pen mates. Therefore, identifying the DGE and SGE on ADG is essential for a better understanding of pig breeding systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of DGE and SGE on ADG using purebred and crossbred pigs. We found that the DGE and SGE both contributed to ADG in both populations. In addition, the SGE of purebred pigs was highly correlated with the DGE of crossbred pigs. Furthermore, we identified several genomic regions that may be associated with the DGE and SGE on ADG. Our findings will contribute to future genomic evaluation studies of socially affected traits. Average daily gain (ADG) is an important growth trait in the pig industry. The direct genetic effect (DGE) has been studied mainly to assess the association between genetic information and economic traits. The social genetic effect (SGE) has been shown to affect ADG simultaneously with the DGE because of group housing systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of the DGE and SGE of purebred Korean Duroc and crossbred pigs by single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction and a genome-wide association study. We used the genotype, phenotype, and pedigree data of 1779, 6022, and 7904 animals, respectively. Total heritabilities on ADG were 0.19 +/- 0.04 and 0.39 +/- 0.08 for purebred and crossbred pigs, respectively. The genetic correlation was the greatest (0.77 +/- 0.12) between the SGE of purebred and DGE of crossbred pigs. We found candidate genes located in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the SGE that were associated with behavior and neurodegenerative diseases, and candidate genes in the QTLs for DGE that were related to body mass, size of muscle fiber, and muscle hypertrophy. These results suggest that the genomic selection of purebred animals could be applied for crossbred performance.

Automated summary

This study investigated the genetic characteristics and relationships of the direct genetic effect (DGE) and social genetic effect (SGE) on average daily gain (ADG) in purebred and crossbred pigs. The results showed that both DGE and SGE contributed to ADG in both populations, and there was a high correlation between the SGE of purebred pigs and DGE of crossbred pigs. Several genomic regions associated with DGE and SGE on ADG were also identified. These findings will be useful for future genomic evaluation studies of socially affected traits.