Hypocalcemia: A key biomarker in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Background: At the end of 2019 a new respiratory syndrome emerged in China named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Considering the severity of the disease in adult subjects with one or more chronic pathologies, it was mandatory to find simple and effective biomarkers for negative prognosis of the disease easily available at the admission to the hospital.Methods: To identify possible parameters showing association with the outcome in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic diseases, blood biochemical profiles of 511 patients, enrolled from March to June 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. The pathological con-ditions taken into consideration were diabetes, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney dis-ease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and cancer. All the data were collected upon admission to the emergency room (ER) during the indi-cated period.Results: We observed that serum and ionized calcium were prevalently altered in our cohort. We determined that hypocalcemia was a major parameter associated with me-chanical ventilation and poor prognosis, correlating also with the presence of comorbid-ities such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. In addition, we found a positive correlation between hypocalcemia and clinical complications during hospitalizations.Conclusions: Our results strengthen the relevance of serum calcium concentration as a useful prognostic biomarker in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Automated summary

Hypocalcemia is found to be a significant factor associated with worsened condition, mechanical ventilation requirement, and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, hypocalcemia is also correlated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, as well as clinical complications during hospitalization.