Journal
NPJ VACCINES
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00536-3
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Funding
- NIH [R01 AI150917-01]
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences (SIVS) at UTMB
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RVax-1, a vaccine candidate with protective epitopes, demonstrates immunogenicity and protective efficacy similar to the existing vaccine, while preventing viral reassortment, making it a potential next-generation vaccine for Rift Valley fever prevention.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which causes large outbreaks among humans and ruminants. Single dose vaccinations using live-attenuated RVF virus (RVFV) support effective prevention of viral spread in endemic countries. Due to the segmented nature of RVFV genomic RNA, segments of vaccine strain-derived genomic RNA could be incorporated into wild-type RVFV within co-infected mosquitoes or animals. Rationally designed vaccine candidate RVax-1 displays protective epitopes fully identical to the previously characterized MP-12 vaccine. Additionally, all genome segments of RVax-1 contribute to the attenuation phenotype, which prevents the formation of pathogenic reassortant strains. This study demonstrated that RVax-1 cannot replicate efficiently in orally fed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while retaining strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy in an inbred mouse model, which were indistinguishable from the MP-12 vaccine. These findings support further development of RVax-1 as the next generation MP-12-based vaccine for prevention of Rift Valley fever in humans and animals.
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