Journal
PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112368
Keywords
vaccine; cocaine; clinical trial; IgA; IgG
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA [R01-DA025223]
- O'Quinn Foundation, Houston, TX, USA
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During the development of a vaccine for fentanyl use disorder, researchers found that IgA was the most effective indicator of protection against injected drugs when compared to IgG or binding affinity. It was observed that IgA secreting cells line the blood-brain barrier, capturing pathogens and preventing drug antigens from entering the brain.
In developing a vaccine for fentanyl use disorder, we observed that IgA was the best correlate of vaccine-mediated protection from injected drug challenge, rather than IgG or binding affinity. Recent evidence shows that IgA secreting cells line the blood-brain barrier that capture pathogens and could prevent drug antigens from penetrating the brain. We assayed IgA and IgG antibodies from an anti-cocaine vaccine clinical trial and categorized each subject's antibody levels using half-log cut-points for IgA: <1000, <5000, <10,000 and >10,000; and for IgG: <10,000 to >100,000. We compared these antibody groups on urine toxicology in 130 subjects at week 9 after 3 booster vaccinations. We also provided relevant data on benzoylecgonine (BE, cocaine metabolite) from this study's placebo patients. BE urine levels were lowest for the highest IgA category; however, levels did not differ across IgG groups. Our findings linking IgA to protection from cocaine and fentanyl in mice, rats and humans are novel and suggest an increasingly recognized role of IgA in vaccine efficacy.
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