Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Static Magnetic Fields in Bone Remodeling

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are extensively used in bone-related studies as biomaterials due to their unique magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. Through endocytosis, IONPs enter the cell where they promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) were also found to enhance osteoblast differentiation and hinder osteoclastic differentiation. Once IONPs are exposed to an SMF, they become rapidly magnetized. IONPs and SMFs work together to synergistically enhance the effectiveness of their individual effects on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article reviewed the individual and combined effects of different types of IONPs and different intensities of SMFs on bone remodeling. We also discussed the mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of IONPs and SMFs on bone remodeling.

Automated summary

This article reviews the individual and combined effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and static magnetic fields (SMFs) on bone remodeling. IONPs enter cells through endocytosis, promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, while SMFs enhance osteoblast differentiation and hinder osteoclastic differentiation. When exposed to an SMF, IONPs and SMFs synergistically enhance their respective effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.