Using ammonia as a shipping fuel could disturb the nitrogen cycle

Article Energy & Fuels

Techno-economic analysis of renewable fuels for ships carrying bulk cargo in Europe

Boris Stolz et al.

Summary: To meet global climate targets, renewable energy carriers should replace fossil marine fuels. This study provides an initial evaluation of the techno-economic suitability of carbon-neutral fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, methane, methanol, and diesel produced from renewable electricity, for powering Europe's shipping fleet carrying bulk cargo. The results show that these carbon-neutral fuels can cover over 93% of the transport work, with a reduced cargo capacity of less than 3%. However, their use would result in an additional 4-8% of Europe's electricity consumption, and increase the total costs of ownership by a factor of 2-6 in 2030 compared to conventional operations.

NATURE ENERGY (2022)

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Article Thermodynamics

NH3 combustion using three-layer stratified fuel injection for a large two-stroke marine engine: Experimental verification of the concept

Yasuhisa Ichikawa et al.

Summary: A unique liquid NH3 spray combustion concept is proposed for a large two-stroke marine engine, which applies a three-layer stratified fuel injection and effectively ignites and burns NH3, reducing N2O production.

APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment

Thomas Buckley Imhoff et al.

Summary: This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains for four oceangoing vessels and evaluates the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative marine fuel, with results indicating that internal combustion engines are more efficient. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if capacity losses can be overcome, while naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns.

ENERGIES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical