Journal
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages 3432-3438Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01589
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Funding
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [21925506]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U21A20331, 81903743]
- Ningbo Key Scientific and Technological Project [2022Z117]
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This study synthesized four efficient non-fullerene acceptors by modifying the quinoxaline core, which showed improved molecular solubility and elevated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels. The introduction of a thiophene ring and a fluorine atom further optimized the blend morphology and enhanced device performance.
Core engineering plays a vital role in the construction of efficient non-fullerene acceptors. Here, we synthesized a molecule named QX, based on the core of quinoxaline, and by replacing the H atoms with 2-ethylhexyl, 2-(ethylhexyl)thiophene, and 2-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothiophene groups, we obtained other three non-fullerene acceptors, named QX-EH, QX-TH, and QX-THF, respectively. Compared with QX, the introduction of substitution groups ameliorated the molecular solubility, and their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels were elevated. Also, the introduction of a thiophene ring in QX-TH and QX-THF enhanced their miscibility with PM6 compared to QX-EH. Furthermore, the introduction of a fluorine atom in QX-THF greatly optimized the blend morphology, leading to efficient charge transport, less bimolecular recombination, and suitable nanophase aggregation in devices. Eventually, PM6:QX-THF-based devices exhibited an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.45% with a fill factor of 78.99%. This work reveals that modification on the quinoxaline core is effective in tuning the morphology and open-circuit voltage for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
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