Journal
FOOD BIOSCIENCE
Volume 49, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101906
Keywords
Essential oil; Pathogens; Antibacterial activity; Cell membrane depolarization; Reactive oxygen species
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [320723410]
- Chongqing Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee of the Chongqing Modern Mountainous Highly Efficient Agricultural Seasoning Industry Technical System Innovation Team Construction Plan Project
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Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc essential oil (ZEO) exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis by damaging the cell membrane and disrupting the normal physiological function. It also disrupted the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage to the cells. ZEO has the potential to be developed as an antimicrobial agent against S. epidermidis.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important pathogenic microorganism with the ability to cause food contami-nation and clinical infections. Therefore, finding a green, safe and effective antimicrobial therapy will benefit food safety and public health. In this study, essential oil extracted from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc was used to combat S. epidermidis. Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc essential oil (ZEO) showed excellent antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5.0 mg/mL. Meanwhile, single component antibacterial test results showed that the MIC values of the major components in ZEO, including linalool, dihydrolinalol, beta-ocimene and nerolidol, ranged from 2.5 to 10 mg/mL. Evaluation of membrane permeability and integrity demonstrated that the pathogen had membrane damage and normal physiological function was impaired. Cell membrane potential and cell mem-brane fluidity analyses further revealed that ZEO induced increase in surface Zeta potential and cell membrane depolarization via electrostatic interactions with cell membrane; meanwhile, ZEO disordered lipid acyl chains and increased cell membrane fluidity to induce cell death. In addition, oxidative stress testing showed that ZEO can disrupt homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing ROS accumulation and increasing oxidative damage to cells. The destruction of cell morphology and ultrastructure by ZEO was further confirmed by electron microscopy. These results indicate that ZEO has the potential for development as an antibacterial agent to control the growth of S. epidermidis and prevent related infections.
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