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Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Retinal Cell Fate

Journal

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VISION SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages 79-99

Publisher

ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-103154

Keywords

retinal development; cell fate; central nervous system; CNS; progenitor cells; neurogenesis; gliogenesis

Funding

  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
  2. German Research Foundation) [118803580, 408885537]
  3. Elite Network Bavaria
  4. DFG [SFB870]

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The determination of cell fate in the vertebrate retina is influenced by transcription factors and stochastic mechanisms. Different competence states of progenitor cells lead to the generation of different cell classes, with a bias in the types of fates generated during specific time windows. Deterministic mechanisms play a more prominent role in late development.
The vertebrate retina is regarded as a simple part of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus amenable to investigations of the determinants of cell fate. Its five neuronal cell classes and one glial cell class all derive from a common pool of progenitors. Here we review how each cell class is generated. Retinal progenitors progress through different competence states, in each of which they generate only a small repertoire of cell classes. The intrinsic state of the progenitor is determined by the complement of transcription factors it expresses. Thus, although progenitors are multipotent, there is a bias in the types of fates they generate during any particular time window. Overlying these competence states are stochastic mechanisms that influence fate decisions. These mechanisms are determined by a weighted set of probabilities based on the abundance of a cell class in the retina. Deterministic mechanisms also operate, especially late in development, when preprogrammed progenitors solely generate specific fates.

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