Journal
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839005
Keywords
estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; signaling pathway; mediation; G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1
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Estrogen receptors play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes in humans. Abnormal signaling of these receptors can lead to a wide range of disorders. This review provides an overview of ER alpha, ER beta, and GPER1, highlighting their functions in both health and disease. Additionally, it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with these receptors.
Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans. Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system-related disorders (endometriosis, and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer), bone-related abnormalities, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, urogenital tract disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cutaneous melanoma. ER alpha (ER alpha), ER beta (ER beta), and novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) have been identified as the most prominent ERs. This review provides an overview of ER alpha, ER beta, and GPER1, as well as their functions in health and disease. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications and challenges are discussed.
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