Synergistic high efficiency and low energy loss of all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on benzotriazole-based π-bridge unit

Reducing energy loss (V-loss) is one of the most crucial challenges in organic photovoltaic cells. The V-loss, determined by the differences between the optical band gap (E-g) of the active layer material and the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of the device, is generally alleviated by lowering the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the donor (D) and acceptor (A). In this work, we synthesized two A-pi-D-pi-A-type small-molecule donors (SMDs) SM-benzotriazole (BTz)-1 and SM-BTz-2 by introducing a BTz pi-bridge unit and terminal regulation. The BTz pi-bridge unit significantly lowers the HOMO energy level of SMDs, resulting in high V-oc and high mobility, achieving a balance of low energy loss (<0.5 eV) and high efficiency. Ultimately, the organic solar cells based on SM-BTz-2 as the donor and Y6 as the acceptor obtain a high V-oc of 0.91 V, J(sc) of 22.8 mA cm(-2), fill factor of 68%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.12%, which is one of the highest efficiencies based on the SMDs with triazole pi-bridges to date. What's more, the BTz pi-bridge unit is a potential unit that can improve mobility and reduce energy loss.

Automated summary

Reducing energy loss is a crucial challenge in organic photovoltaic cells. In this study, two small-molecule donors with high open-circuit voltage and high mobility were synthesized by introducing a BTz pi-bridge unit and terminal regulation. The organic solar cells based on one of the donors achieved a high power conversion efficiency, indicating the potential of the BTz pi-bridge unit in improving mobility and reducing energy loss.