Journal
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
Volume 9, Issue 20, Pages 20444-20457Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3178903
Keywords
Standards; Data models; Ontologies; Smart cities; Internet of Things; Sensors; Semantics; City models; Internet of Things (IoT); ontology; open standard; smart city
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Interior, Taiwan [110CCL031C]
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [107-2119-M-008-022, 108-2621-M-008-004-MY2]
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This study analyzed existing integration methods for smart city applications and proposed an ontology to address the issues. The proposed ontology supports multiple views of objects and can relate information from different data modeling standards. The application of the ontology was demonstrated in smart home, smart security, smart health care, and fire evacuation systems.
Smart city applications integrate the human, physical, and digital systems in a built environment with Internet of Things (IoT) resources, city models, and domain models. However, existing methods for the integration are suitable for individual applications and lack interoperability among application modules. This study analyzed existing integration strategies and developed an ontology for integrating the data modeling standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) CityGML, IndoorGML, and SensorThings API. To cope with the broad definition of things in the IoT, the proposed ontology supports multiple views of things, including the a-building-as-a-thing, a-room-as-a-thing, an-opening-as-a-thing, and a-device-as-a-thing views. Thus, the proposed ontology relates information from these three standards and supports semantic queries. We demonstrated the proposed solution in smart home, smart security, smart health care, and fire evacuation systems. Overall, the proposed solution can facilitate the integration of standard-based IoT resources and city models to support smart city applications.
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