Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963051
Keywords
MDA5; pattern recognition receptors; SARS-CoV-2; anti-tumor immunity; cGAS-STING
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Funding
- Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation
- [Y-HR2020MS-0156]
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This review summarizes the latest progress of MDA5 functions in recognizing cytoplasmic RNA and triggering immune responses, and discusses its role in anti-tumor immunity and antiviral response.
The connections between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) constitutes the crucial signaling pathways in the innate immune system. Cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) serves as an important pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system by recognizing viral RNA. MDA5 also plays a role in identifying the cytoplasmic RNA from damaged, dead cancer cells or autoimmune diseases. MDA5's recognition of RNA triggers innate immune responses, induces interferon (IFN) response and a series of subsequent signaling pathways to produce immunomodulatory factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here we review the latest progress of MDA5 functions in triggering anti-tumor immunity by sensing cytoplasmic dsRNA, and recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection for antiviral response, in which the virus utilizes multiple ways to evade the host defense mechanism.
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