Use of soil actinomycetes for pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and environmental purposes

In this article, we reviewed the international scientific production of the last years on actinomycetes isolated from soil aiming to report recent advances in using these microorganisms for different applications. The most promising genera, isolation conditions and procedures, pH, temperature, and NaCl tolerance of these bacteria were reported. Based on the content analysis of the articles, most studies have focused on the isolation and taxonomic description of new species of actinomycetes. Regarding the applications, the antimicrobial potential (antibacterial and antifungal) prevailed among the articles, followed by the production of enzymes (cellulases and chitinases, etc.), agricultural uses (plant growth promotion and phytopathogen control), bioremediation (organic and inorganic contaminants), among others. Furthermore, a wide range of growth capacity was verified, including temperatures from 4 to 60 degrees C (optimum: 28 degrees C), pH from 3 to 13 (optimum: 7), and NaCl tolerance up to 32% (optimum: 0-1%), which evidence a great tolerance for actinomycetes cultivation. Streptomyces was the genus with the highest incidence among the soil actinomycetes and the most exploited for different uses. Besides, the interest in isolating actinomycetes from soils in extreme environments (Antarctica and deserts, for example) is growing to explore the adaptive capacities of new strains and the secondary metabolites produced by these microorganisms for different industrial interests, especially for pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and environmental purposes.

Automated summary

This article reviews the international scientific research on actinomycetes isolated from soil in recent years, aiming to report the recent advances in the use of these microorganisms for different applications. Most studies focus on the isolation and taxonomic description of new species of actinomycetes. In terms of applications, antimicrobial potential and enzyme production are the main areas of interest. Furthermore, actinomycetes have a wide range of growth capacities and tolerance, with Streptomyces being the most prevalent genus with diverse uses.