4.4 Article

Transit times and mean ages for nonautonomous and autonomous compartmental systems

Journal

JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 73, Issue 6-7, Pages 1379-1398

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00285-016-0990-8

Keywords

Carbon cycle; CASA model; Compartmental system; Exponential stability; Linear system; McKendrick-von Forster equation; Mean age; Nonautonomous dynamical system; Transit time

Funding

  1. EPSRC Career Acceleration Fellowship [EP/I004165/1]
  2. European Union [643073]
  3. Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0305]
  4. Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area - Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division of the Biological and Environmental Research Program in the U.S. Department of Energy Office
  5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
  6. U.S. Department of Energy
  7. Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program - Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  8. Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award from Oak Ridge Associated Universities
  9. Research Council and College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
  10. U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0004601, DE-SC0010715]
  11. U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466, DEB 0840964, EF 1137293]
  12. National Science Foundation
  13. US Department of Homeland Security
  14. US Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]
  15. University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  16. Direct For Biological Sciences
  17. Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1300426] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  18. EPSRC [EP/I004165/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  19. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I004165/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  20. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0014062, DE-SC0008270, DE-SC0006982, DE-SC0010715] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

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We develop a theory for transit times and mean ages for nonautonomous compartmental systems. Using the McKendrick-von Forster equation, we show that the mean ages of mass in a compartmental system satisfy a linear nonautonomous ordinary differential equation that is exponentially stable. We then define a nonautonomous version of transit time as the mean age of mass leaving the compartmental system at a particular time and show that our nonautonomous theory generalises the autonomous case. We apply these results to study a nine-dimensional nonautonomous compartmental system modeling the terrestrial carbon cycle, which is a modification of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach model, and we demonstrate that the nonautonomous versions of transit time and mean age differ significantly from the autonomous quantities when calculated for that model.

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