Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 12, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano12172963
Keywords
graphene growth; nucleation kinetics; analytical model; chemical vapor deposition; lattice gas model
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [GRK 2450]
- state of Baden-Wurttemberg through bwHPC
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [INST 40/575-1 FUGG]
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In this paper, an analytical model of graphene nucleation and growth on Cu(111) surfaces is proposed, combining kinetic nucleation theory and DFT simulations of elementary steps. The analysis reveals unusual patterns of graphene growth and successfully reproduces the experimental characteristics of polycrystalline graphene samples in a computationally efficient way.
Although the CVD synthesis of graphene on Cu(111) is an industrial process of outstanding importance, its theoretical description and modeling are hampered by its multiscale nature and the large number of elementary reactions involved. In this work, we propose an analytical model of graphene nucleation and growth on Cu(111) surfaces based on the combination of kinetic nucleation theory and the DFT simulations of elementary steps. In the framework of the proposed model, the mechanism of graphene nucleation is analyzed with particular emphasis on the roles played by the two main feeding species, C and C-2. Our analysis reveals unexpected patterns of graphene growth, not typical for classical nucleation theories. In addition, we show that the proposed theory allows for the reproduction of the experimentally observed characteristics of polycrystalline graphene samples in the most computationally efficient way.
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