Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 14, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su141711098
Keywords
lignocellulose; natural biomass; dye wastewater; adsorption isotherm; Congo Red; diffusion and kinetics
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The extensive use of dyes leads to massive dye discharge in wastewater, causing water pollution. Plant-derived wastes are proposed as sustainable adsorbents for dye separation, but they are less effective for anionic dyes. The modification of these wastes to suit anionic dye removal has gained attention in recent years.
The extensive use of dyes in numerous industries results in massive dye discharge in the wastewater, which is a major cause of water pollution. Globally, the consumption of dyes is near seven hundred thousand tons across different sectors, of which around 10-15% goes into the wastewater. Among the dye kinds, anionic dyes make up the main proportion, having a 32-90% share in the wastewater. Different plant-derived wastes, which are sustainable given their natural abundance, effectiveness, and low cost, are frequently proposed for dye separation. However, these adsorbents are inherently more suitable for cationic dyes than anionic dyes. In recent years, the modification of these wastes has been progressively considered to suit them to anionic dye removal. These modifications involve mechanical, thermal, or chemical treatments, or combinations. These attempts propose two-way benefits, as one abundant waste is being used to cure another severe problem, and eventually both could be diminished. This review has a key focus on the evaluation of plant-derived adsorbents and their modifications, and particularly for anionic dye adsorption. Overall, the mechanism of adsorption and the suitability of the current methods are discussed, and their future potential is explored.
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