Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.978440
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; seasonal human coronavirus; antibody; cross-reactivity; protective immunity
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation
- State Key Laboratory of Infections Disease Prevention and Control
- Science and Technology Project of Beijing
- [20A20362]
- [M21015]
- [2020SKLID304]
- [2020SKLID102]
- [Z211100002521024]
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This study aimed to investigate whether prior immunity to seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) could affect the immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The study found that prior antibodies to seasonal HCoVs existed and could be boosted by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Specifically, HCoV-OC43 antibodies were associated with protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, supporting the development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
PurposeThis study was conducted in order to properly understand whether prior seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity could impact the potential cross-reactivity of humoral responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, thereby devising universal coronavirus vaccines for future outbreaks. MethodsWe performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to spike (S) protein and S1 subunit of HCoVs (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E), and ELISA [anti-RBD and anti-nucleoprotein (N)], chemiluminescence immunoassay assays (anti-RBD), pseudovirus neutralization test, and authentic viral neutralization test to detect the binding and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the vaccinees. ResultsWe found that the antibody of seasonal HCoVs did exist before vaccination and could be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A further analysis demonstrated that the prior S and S1 IgG antibodies of HCoV-OC43 were positively correlated with anti-RBD and neutralization antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at 12 and 24 weeks after the second vaccination, and the correlation is more statistically significant at 24 weeks. The persistent antibody levels of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in vaccinees with higher pre-existing HCoV-OC43 antibodies. ConclusionOur data indicate that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may confer cross-protection against seasonal coronaviruses in most individuals, and more importantly, the pre-existing HCoV-OC43 antibody was associated with protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, supporting the development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
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