The Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effect of Biodentine™ on Human THP-1 Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: In Vitro Study

Background. Pulp tissue affected by deep caries and trauma can be protected by vital pulp therapies in which pulp regeneration success depends on the degree of pulp inflammation and the presence of regenerative signals. Reparative dentinogenesis requires dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) activity which can be stimulated by many bioactive molecules to repair the dentine, mediating a balance between the inflammatory response and the reparative events. Therefore, this study was performed in order to investigate the immune-inflammatory effect of Biodentine capping material on DPSCs and macrophages. Method. THP-1, a human monocytic cell line, was differentiated to macrophages, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the expressions of specific macrophage markers. LPS-mediated infection was created for macrophages and DPSCs followed by treatment with Biodentine. CBA array was used to investigate the cytokine secretion followed by qPCR. Migration potential of treated DPSCs was also determined. Results. Our results showed that THP-1 cell line was successfully differentiated into macrophages as shown by surface marker expression. CBA array and qPCR results showed that Biodentine-treated DPSCs and macrophages upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Also, Biodentine enhances the migration potential of treated DPSCs. Conclusion. Biodentine capping material mediated the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages suggestive of tissue repair properties of macrophages and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokines of DPSCs responsible for dentine-pulp regeneration.

Automated summary

This study investigates the immune-inflammatory effect of Biodentine capping material on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and macrophages. The results show that Biodentine stimulates the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in DPSCs and macrophages. Biodentine also enhances the migration potential of treated DPSCs. These findings suggest that Biodentine has tissue repair properties and promotes dentine-pulp regeneration.