Journal
WATER
Volume 14, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/w14182914
Keywords
fecal sludge; emptying and transport; business models; informal settlements; evaluation framework; Kampala city
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Funding
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1157500]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1157500] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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This study developed an evaluation framework for sustainable business models of fecal sludge emptying and transport in informal settlements in Kampala. Through interviews and consultations, service delivery challenges were identified and included in the framework. The framework tested six service criteria and fifteen service sub-criteria on different business models.
Various business models for fecal sludge emptying and transport have been developed to address challenges and their advantages have been documented; however, their evaluation has not been investigated. This study developed an evaluation framework, which was tested in informal settlements in Kampala for sustainable business models of fecal sludge emptying and transport. Through key informant interviews and stakeholder consultations, service delivery challenges from informal settlements in Kampala were identified and included in the framework, which were: high cost of emptying services, spillages, access to facilities, high operational costs and social stigma. The evaluation framework adopted six service criteria: Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technological, Social and Scalability; these were further defined by fifteen service sub-criteria. The criteria were tested separately on eight business models-for mechanized (cesspool) and semi-mechanized (gulper) technologies. The key output of the evaluation framework (business model scorecard) revealed that two models (scheduled desludging and call center) for cesspool technology and three models (mobile transfer stations, scheduled desludging and call center) for gulper technology have high potential for service improvement in informal settlements. Scheduled desludging and mobile transfer stations can effectively optimize emptying services and subsequently reduce emptying charges, whereas the call center is critical for bridging service delivery.
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