Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 14, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs14174241
Keywords
LULC; change detection; LST; MODIS; Landsat; USGS; Earth Explorer; SDG-11
Categories
Funding
- Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST-GoI) [SP/YO/2019/1362(G) (C)]
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Urbanization has significant adverse impacts on the environment and natural resources, including the urban heat island effect. This study in Bangalore, India, examines the relationship between urban transformations and changes in land surface temperature, finding that an increase in built-up areas and a decrease in vegetation and water bodies contribute to rising average land surface temperatures.
Planning for a sustainable future involves understanding the past and present problems associated with urban centers. Rapid urbanization has caused significant adverse impacts on the environment and natural resources. In cities, one such impact is the unsettling urban growth, resulting in the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which causes considerable positive feedback in the climate system. It can be assessed by investigating the relationships between urban Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes and changes in land surface temperature. This study links the urban transformations in Bangalore, India, between 2001 and 2021, with the city's changing average land surface temperatures. LULC classification was performed on Landsat satellite images for the years 2001, 2011, and 2021, using the support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm. LULC change analysis revealed an increase in the built-up area coinciding with a decreasing trend of water bodies, vegetation, and the area under the others (wasteland/open land/barren land) category. The results show that built-up increased from 462.49 km(2) to 867.73 km(2), vegetation decreased from 799.4 km(2) to 485.72 km(2), and waterbody declined from 34.28 km(2) to 24.69 km(2) in 20 years. The impact of urbanization was evident in Bangalore's land temperature changes between 2001 and 2021, showing the average temperature increased by 0.34 degrees C per year between the highest UHI events, contrary to 0.14 degrees C per year in non-urbanized areas. It is hoped that the results of this study can help the urban planners of Bangalore city identify critical areas where improvement in urban dwelling could be planned sustainably according to the global smart cities concept, an offshoot concept of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-11.
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