Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 14, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym14204372
Keywords
eggshell waste; poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); PVC composite; structure; properties; scanning electron microscopy analysis; micro-CT analysis
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education and Science in Poland
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This paper explores the characteristics of unplasticized PVC composites modified with biofiller obtained from waste eggshells, showing that the biofiller significantly improves thermal stability, increases the modulus of elasticity and softening point, and is suitable for traditional PVC mixtures' processing.
The paper presents the characteristics of unplasticized PVC composites modified with biofiller obtained from the waste eggshells of hen eggs. The composites obtained by extrusion contained from 10 phr to 40 phr of biofiller. The filler was characterized using the SEM, TG, and sieve analysis methods. The influence of the filler on the processing properties was determined using plastographometric and MFR tests. Fundamental analysis of mechanical properties was also performed, i.e., Charpy impact strength and determination of tensile properties. The mechanical properties were supported with dynamical mechanical thermal analysis, time of thermal stability, and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure analysis was also performed using SEM and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The processing properties of the tested composites do not give grounds for disqualifying such material from traditional processing PVC mixtures. Notably, the biofiller significantly improves thermal stability. Ground eggshells (ES) work as scavengers for the Cl radicals released in the first stage, which delays the PVC chain's decay. Additionally, a significant increase in the value of the modulus of elasticity and softening point (VST) of the composites concerning PVC was found. Ground hen eggshells can be used as an effective filler for PVC composites.
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