Journal
CARBON
Volume 93, Issue -, Pages 431-440Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.024
Keywords
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Funding
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea [NRF-2011-0023507, NRF-2014M3A908034462, H-GUARD_2013M3A6B2078948]
- KRIBB Research Initiative Program
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The toxicity of nano-graphene oxide (NGO) on development and angiogenesis was evaluated using zebrafish embryos as in vivo model system. Microinjection of NGO resulted in gross morphological defects in a dose-dependent manner partly due to the induction of apoptosis, whereas coating NGO derivatives with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer significantly attenuated its toxicity. NGO also caused abnormal branching and mispatterning of developing trunk blood vessels monitored by endothelial cell-specific fluorescent transgenic zebrafish, presumably via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Notch pathways, key signaling pathways for normal angiogenic process. Interestingly, Alexa568 conjugated, PEG-coated NGO (NGO-A568) still caused angiogenic defects to the similar degree as NGO did, suggesting differential toxic effects of nanomaterials on different developmental processes. Confocal microscopy imaging of NGO- and NGO-A568-injected embryos visualized its live distribution throughout the body including the cranial vasculature. The broader utilization of embryonic zebrafish combined with in vivo, real-time, high-resolution imaging is warranted for assessing the properties of nanomaterials. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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