Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 40, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111328
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Funding
- MS Society of Canada endMS Personnel Award program
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-148909]
- Canada Research Chair Program
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The study found that different sources of dietary fiber have different effects on the immune system. Guar gum can delay the progression of disease and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. These effects are not related to fiber-induced changes in short-chain fatty acid levels or regulatory CD4(+) T cells, but are associated with reduced activation, proliferation, Th1 differentiation, and altered migratory potential of CD4(+) T cells.
Dietary fibers are potent modulators of immune responses that can restrain inflammation in multiple dis-ease contexts. However, dietary fibers encompass a biochemically diverse family of carbohydrates, and it remains unknown how individual fiber sources influence immunity. In a direct comparison of four different high-fiber diets, we demonstrate a potent ability of guar gum to delay disease and neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a T cell-mediated mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Guar gum-specific alterations to the microbiota are limited, and disease protection appears to be independent of fiber-induced increases in short-chain fatty acid levels or regulatory CD4(+) T cells. Instead, CD4(+) T cells of guar gum-supplemented mice are less encephalitogenic due to reduced activation, proliferation, Th1 differentiation, and altered migratory potential. These findings reveal specificity in the host response to fiber sources and define a pathway of fiber-induced immunomodulation that protects against pathologic neuroinflammation.
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