Target trial emulation: applying principles of randomised trials to observational studies

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute covid-19 associated respiratory failure: comparative effectiveness study

Martin Urner et al.

Summary: An observational study found that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in adults with COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. Age, severity of hypoxaemia, and duration and intensity of mechanical ventilation were identified as modifiers of treatment effectiveness, and should be taken into consideration when deciding to initiate ECMO in patients with COVID-19.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Emulating a Randomised Controlled Trial With Observational Data: An Introduction to the Target Trial Framework

Stephen A. Kutcher et al.

Summary: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest quality of evidence, but observational studies can also mimic their effects. Using the target trial framework, observational studies can successfully emulate RCTs by focusing on key design elements.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Mathematical & Computational Biology