Journal
BMJ OPEN
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062836
Keywords
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; Adult palliative care; HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT; Hepatology
Categories
Funding
- multiple-PI award, Patient-Centered Care for Older Adults with Advanced Liver Disease [VA HSRD IIR 16-075]
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety [CIN 13-413]
- Nancy P and Vincent F Guinee MD Distinguish Chair in Gerontology at UT Health
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This study aims to present two divergent mental models of integrated advanced liver disease (AdvLD) care among healthcare providers. Two mental models were identified, differing in the timing and delivery of care elements. Participants emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary teams integrating supportive care, symptom management, and end-of-life care with liver disease care.
Objectives The purpose of this paper is to present two divergent mental models of integrated advanced liver disease (AdvLD) care among 26 providers who treat patients with AdvLD. Setting 3 geographically dispersed United States Veterans Health Administration health systems. Participants 26 professionals (20 women and 6 men) participated, including 9 (34.6%) gastroenterology, hepatology, and transplant physicians, 2 (7.7%) physician assistants, 7 (27%) nurses and nurse practitioners, 3 (11.5%) social workers and psychologists, 4 (15.4%) palliative care providers and 1 (3.8%) pharmacist. Main outcome measures We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews of providers caring for patients with AdvLD. We used framework analysis to identify two divergent mental models of integrated AdvLD care. These models vary in timing of initiating various constituents of care, philosophy of integration, and supports and resources needed to achieve each model. Results Clinicians described integrated care as an approach that incorporates elements of curative care, symptom and supportive care, advance care planning and end-of-life services from a multidisciplinary team. Analysis revealed two mental models that varied in how and when these constituents are delivered. One mental model involves sequential transitions between constituents of care, and the second mental model involves synchronous application of the various constituents. Participants described elements of teamwork and coordination supports necessary to achieve integrated AdvLD care. Many discussed the importance of having a multidisciplinary team integrating supportive care, symptom management and palliative care with liver disease care. Conclusions Health professionals agree on the constituents of integrated AdvLD care but describe two competing mental models of how these constituents are integrated. Health systems can promote integrated care by assembling multidisciplinary teams, and providing teamwork and coordination supports, and training that facilitates patient-centred AdvLD care.
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