Elucidating the Impact of Hydrophilic Segments on 19F MRI Sensitivity of Fluorinated Block Copolymers

A major challenge in the preparation of polymeric F-19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) is signal attenuation caused by reduced segmental mobility of partly fluorinated polymers possessing large numbers of fluorine atoms. Previous studies have thus mainly focused on the development of fluorinated segments for improved F-19 MRI; however, detailed investigations of the role of hydrophilic segments on imaging performance remain scarce. In this study, three hydrophilic and (MSEA), oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA), and oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) acrylate (OMOXA), were used to prepare perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-containing amphiphilic block polymers through reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The effect of the different hydrophilic segments on F-19 imaging performance was explored. The three polymers could be readily dissolved in aqueous solutions, forming assemblies with the hydrophobic PFPE as the core and the hydrophilic chains as the shell. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the POMOXA chains adopt a rigid, extended conformation, leading to a relatively short F-19 NMR spin-spin relaxation time (T-2), lower NMR detectable F-19 spins (i.e., visibility), and the least intense F-19 MRI signal. In contrast, although PMSEA-PFPE has a shorter F-19 NMR T-2 than POEGA-PFPE, the much higher F-19 spin visibility enhances its MRI signal intensity. The result confirms the importance of maintaining both high fluorine visibility and long T-2 relaxation time to prepare effective CAs and highlight the key role of the nonfluorinated hydrophilic segments in determining these parameters.

Automated summary

A major challenge in the preparation of polymeric F-19 MRI contrast agents is signal attenuation caused by reduced segmental mobility of partly fluorinated polymers. This study focuses on the role of hydrophilic segments in imaging performance and explores the effect of different hydrophilic segments on F-19 imaging. The results highlight the importance of maintaining high fluorine visibility and long T-2 relaxation time for effective CAs.